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Elevations in total neutral glycosphingolipids (NGL) of 5-to 30-fold were found in transplantable hepatomas when compared to control liver. Elevations of 5-to 9-fold in NGL were observed from sera of rats bearing transplantable hepatomas when compared to control sera. Tissue NGL from nonmetastasizing lines were elevated above metastasizing, but a similar relationship was not observed in sera. A linear correlation coefficient of 0.9 was found between transplantable hepatoma growth rates and tissue NGL. Amounts of glucosylceramide were increased 10-to 20-fold in the sera of tumor bearers concomitant with a decrease in the more complex NGL. The magnitude of the elevations are sufficient to suggest that neutral glycosphingolipid constituents of sera may serve as potential diagnostic parameters for cancer detection and diagnosis.