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北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者流行病学特征分析

Epidemiological characteristics of close contacts of COVID-19 cases reported in Beijing from January to April, 2020

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目的:分析北京市2020年1月至4月报告的新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者流行病学特征,为疫情防控提供科学依据。方法:通过收集北京市新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者管理系统中密切接触者的人口学特征、暴露特征以及医学隔离观察等信息,描述其转归情况及流行病学特征,估算不同特征新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者的感染率,并应用多因素logistic回归模型分析其发生感染的影响因素。结果:截至2020年4月30日,北京市累计对4 151例本市报告的新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者进行了医学隔离观察,其中期满解除3 937例,确诊200例,无症状感染14例。新型冠状病毒肺炎病例密切接触者的总感染率为5.16%(214/4 151)。医学隔离观察期间出现症状( OR=14.626,95% CI:9.873~21.668)、暴露类型为同住( OR=10.695,95% CI:4.810~23.780)或同餐( OR=6.968,95% CI:2.633~18.440)、医学隔离观察方式为居家( OR=3.949,95% CI:2.346~6.647)、住院隔离( OR=38.567,95% CI:21.570~68.957)者发生感染的风险较高。 结论:新型冠状病毒肺炎密切接触者的感染率高,需严格实施集中医学隔离观察措施。

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Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of close contacts of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases reported from January to April, 2020 in Beijing, so as to provide scientific evidences for prevention.Methods:The data of demographic and exposure characters, quarantine and medical observation were collected from the Management System of Close Contacts of COVID-19 Cases in Beijing to describe the prognosis and epidemiological characteristics and to estimated the infection rate among close contacts of COVID19 with different characteristics. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors related with the infection of close contacts of COVID19.Results:Up to April 30, 2020, 4 151 close contacts of COVID19 cases received medical observation, including 3 937 discharged after quarantine, 200 diagnosed as confirmed COVID-19 cases, 14 diagnosed as asymptomatic COVID-19 cases. The overall infection rate of close contacts of COVID-19 cases was 5.16% (214/4 151). The close contacts of COVID-19 who had symptoms during medical observation ( OR=14.626, P<0.001), ever lived with COVID-19 cases ( OR=10.695, P<0.001), had dinner with COVID-19 cases ( OR=6.968, P<0.001), received the medical observation in household ( OR=3.949, P<0.001) and received the medical observation in hospital ( OR=38.567, P<0.001) were more likely to be infected. Conclusions:The infection rate of close contacts of COVID-19 cases was high, the integrated medical observation should be carried on strictly.

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