摘要目的 了解妊娠中期产妇的膳食及生活习惯,评估早期个性化干预对妊娠中期产妇孕后体态恢复的积极影响.方法 回顾性分析于我院建档行产前检查的300例妊娠中期产妇的临床资料,排除中途随访失联或因其他因素退出研究的产妇88例,其余212例产妇中接受早期个性化干预者82例(研究组),未接受早期个性化干预者130例(对照组).所有入组产妇均跟踪随访至产后1年,通过填写调查问卷的方式了解其入组前的膳食及生活状态;根据孕前体重记录产妇孕期体重增加值及产后1、3、6、9、12个月时体重滞留值和恢复产前体重的比例.结果 ①212例妊娠中期产妇中高能量饮食摄入152例(71.7％)、膳食纤维摄入102例(48.1％)、按时作息146例(68.9％)、每日睡眠时间≤8 h88例(41.5％)、长期熬夜52例(24.5％)、每日静坐时间≥7 h 88例(41.5％)、每日适度运动时间＜1 h 154例(72.6％)、产后无哺乳意向92例(43.4％).②两组产妇孕期体重增加值及产后1个月时体重滞留值比较,差异均无统计学意义(P＞0.05);研究组产妇产后3、6、9、12个月等时间点体重滞留值均低于对照组[(5.1±1.2)kg VS(6.2±1.1)kg、(4.1±1.4)kg VS(5.5±1.2)kg、(3.9±1.2)kg VS(5.0±1.0) kg、(2.8±0.9)kg VS(4.4±0.9)kg,均P＜0.05].③研究组产妇产后9个月、12个月时体重恢复至产前的比例分别为26.8％和31.7％,显著高于对照组的10.0％和11.5％ (P＜0.05).结论 部分妊娠中期产妇仍存在膳食摄入不均衡、作息时间不规律、每日静坐时间较长等不良饮食习惯及生活习惯,需引起重视;在妊娠中期予以产妇早期个性化干预措施,能有效促进其产后的体态恢复,有利于降低其产后体重滞留率.

abstractsObjective To understand the diet and living habit of puerperae in the second trimester of pregnancy and evaluate the positive impact of early individualized intervention on postnatal posture recovery in the second trimester of pregnancy.Methods Retrospective analysis was conducted to the clinical data filed in our hospital of 300 puerperae in the second trimester of pregnancy to make prenatal examination.88 puerperae who were out of contact during follow-up visit or quitted research due to other factors were excluded,and 82 puerperae received early individualized intervention among the rest 212 puerperae (research group).The quantity of puerperae who did not receive early individualized intervention was 130 (control group).All the grouped puerperae lasted for 1 year from follow-up visit postpartum.The diet and living condition were clear by filling in the questionnaire before grouping.According to the pregestational weight,the increased weight of puerperae was recorded during the duration of pregnancy.In addition,the ratios of retaining weight and prenatal weight recovered 1 month,3 months,6 months,9 months and 12 months postpartum were also recorded.Results ①For 212 puerperae in the second trimester of pregnancy,152 puerperae ingested high-energy food (71.7％),102 puerperae ingested dietary fiber (48.1％),146 puerperae had rest on schedule (68.9％),88 puerperae had sleeping time equal or shorter than 8 hours (41.5％),52 puerperae stayed up later for a long time (24.5％),88 puerperae sat still equal or longer than 7 hours every day (41.5％),154 puerperae had appropriate exercise time for shorter than 1 hour every day and 92 puerperae did not have lactation intention postpartum (43.4％).② Compared with the weight increase of two groups in pregnancy and the retaining weight 1 month postpartum,the difference had no statistical significance (P＞0.05).③ The retaining weight of puerperae in research group 3 months,6 months,9 months and 12 months postpartum was lower than it in control group [(5.1±1.2) kg VS (6.2±1.1) kg,(4.1±1.4) kgVS (5.5±1.2) kg,(3.9±1.2) kgVS (5.0±1.0) kgand (2.8±0.9) kgVS (4.4±0.9) kg,P＜0.05].The proportions of puerperae's weight recovered to prenatal level 9 months and 12 months postpartum in research group were 26.8％ and 31.7％,which were 10.0％ and 11.5％ higher than that of the control group (P＜ 0.05).Conclusions A part of puerperae in the second trimester of pregnancy have harmful dietary habits and living habits such as unbalanced food ingestion,irregular work and rest time,the time of sitting still was too 1ong that attention should be attached.During the second trimester of pregnancy,early individualized intervention measures to puerperae can effectively recover the postnatal posture,and it's beneficial to reduce postnatal retention rate of weight.