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预防性应用抗生素对气胸患者胸管定植菌的影响

Effects of prophylactic antibiotics administration on colonized microorganisms of thoracic catheter in pneumothorax patients treated with closed thoracic drainage

摘要:

目的 研究气胸患者闭式引流术后胸管定植菌的病原学特点以及预防性抗生素应用在减少病原菌定植方面的意义.方法 入组120例急诊留观的需接受胸腔闭式引流术治疗的气胸患者,随机(随机数字法)分为抗生素组(A组,n=60)和对照组(B组,n=60)完成胸腔置管术,术后A组给予甲磺酸左氧氟沙星氯化钠注射液0.6 g/200 mL·d-1静脉滴注,B组给予0.9%氯化钠注射液200 mL/d静脉滴注直至拔管后24 h.拔管后将胸管前端2 cm剪下行细菌培养.两组数据比较采用χ2检验或Fisher精确概率法.结果 两组120例有49例导管培养阳性,共检出病原菌57株,位于前四位的病原菌分别是凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(57.9%)、白色假丝酵母菌(10.5%)、金黄色葡萄球菌(7%)和鲍曼不动杆菌(7%),所有细菌对β-内酰胺类抗生素都具有较高的耐药率.有基础疾病的患者的导管细菌检出率(50%)高于单纯气胸患者的31%,两者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).置管时间超过14 d的患者的导管细菌检出率(70%)明显高于置管14 d以内的35%,两者差异具有统计学意义(P<0.01).置管小于7 d时,A组导管的细菌检出率(8.3%)明显低于B组(52.9%),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);置管7~14 d时,A组导管的细菌检出率(21.4%)低于B组(68.8%),两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);置管大于14 d时,两组导管的细菌检出率皆为70%,两者差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).两组患者在疾病转归和住院天数上差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 气胸患者闭式引流术后常见的胸管定植菌为条件致病菌,细菌耐药现象十分严重.置管时间的延长、患者合并基础疾病都会增加感染的风险.预防性的应用抗菌药物有利于减少短期置管(小于14 d)患者的导管细菌检出率,降低感染的风险,但在缩短住院天数、影响疾病转归方面未证明有益.

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Objective To investigate the feature of the microorganisms colonization of the thoracic catheter-related infection and evaluate the clinical significance of prophylactic antibiotics administration in patients with pneumothorax treated with closed thoracic drainage. Method A total of 120 patients with pneumothorax treated with closed thoracic dramage in emergency department wore enrolled. The patients were randomized (random number) into group A (n =60) and group B (n =60). In group A, the patients received levofloxacin mesylate injection and in group B, patients received physiological saline injection instead after closed thoracic drainage. The tip of catheter was cut off to get a 2-cm long segment after catheter removal and this segment was dipped into a bottle filled with liquid culture medium for microorganism culture. Statistical analysis carried out by using χ2 test or Fisher exact test. Results Of all 120 patients, microorganisms were found in 49 segments of catheter and 57 strains of microorganisms were found. The four most common microorganisms were Coagulase-negative staphylococci (57.9%), Candida albicans (10. 5%),Staphylococcus aureus (7%) and Acinetobacter baumanii (7%). All of them were highly drug-resistant to β-1actam antibiotics. The difference in the positive rate of microorganism culture was distinct in pneumothorax patients with underlying diseases (50%) in comparison to the patients without underlying diseases (31%) (P < 0.05). The positive rate of microorganism culture increased significantly as the duration of drainage was longer than 14 days (P < 0.01). The positive rate of culture in group A was lower than that in group B if the duration of drainage was less than 7 days (8.3% vs 52.9%, P < 0.01). The positive rate of culture after drainage for 7 days was 21.4% in group A and 68.8% in group B (P <0.05), and that after drainage for over 14 days was 70% in both groups (P > 0.05). There were no significant differences in outcome and days of hospital stay between two groups (P > 0. 05). Conclusions The common colonized microorganisms of thoracic catheter-related infection are conditional pathogens and highly resistant to antibiotics. Lengthening the duration of drainage and having underlying diseases increase the risk of infection. Although prophylactic antibiotics administration is beneficial to decrease the risk of thoracic catheter-related infection, it has no effects on shortening hospital stay and outcome of disease.

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