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社区获得性肺炎(CAP)是导致5岁以下儿童死亡的主要原因，细菌性肺炎仍然是重症肺炎的首要原因。金黄色葡萄球菌CAP的患病率及其临床特征尚不完全清楚，使其抗生素初始经验性治疗更加复杂化。金黄色葡萄球菌是除肺炎链球菌以外CAP的主要细菌病原体，鼻腔定植菌的毒力及其与宿主免疫反应之间的关系，决定其易在病毒感染后引起肺部损伤。金黄色葡萄球菌产生的杀白细胞素及其他毒素因子，导致感染后宿主细胞死亡，并激活体液免疫、产生大量炎症因子，进一步引起原发性和继发性急性肺损伤，且可造成全身崩溃性感染。目前人们对金黄色葡萄球菌的毒性与宿主免疫反应之间的关系研究尚不深入，在抗生素耐药时代，耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的流行使抗感染治疗日益困难，亟待改进综合诊治措施，提高救治率，减少致残率，并探索针对病原体毒力因子和宿主免疫调节的治疗方法。

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is a leading cause of death in children under 5 years old.Bacterial pneumonia is still the primary cause of severe pneumonia.Prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus CAP and its clinical features remain incompletely understood, complicating the empirical selection of antibiotics. Staphylococcus aureus is the main bacterial pathogen of CAP besides Streptococcus pneumoniae.Due to the virulence its bacterial factors involved in nasal colonization and its relationship with the host immune response, staphylococcus aureus is easy to cause lung damage after the virus infection. Staphylococcus aureus also produces panton-valentine leukocidin, and other toxin factors, which lead to the death of host cells after infection, activate humoral immunity, produce a large number of inflammatory factors, further cause primary and secondary acute lung injury, and may cause systemic collapse infection.At pre-sent, there is little in-death research on the relationship between the toxicity of Staphylococcus aureus and the host immune response.The prevalence of methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus makes the anti-infection treatment increa-singly difficult.It is urgent to improve the comprehensive diagnosis and treatment measures, improve the treatment rate, reduce the disability rate, and develop therapies targeted at both pathogen virulence factors and host immunomodulation.