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下肢外展中立位翻身垫的设计和应用

The design and adhibition of lower extremitas abduction brace pads

摘要:

目的:探讨自行设计并制作的下肢外展中立位翻身垫,在骨科股骨颈骨折、股骨转子间骨折、髋关节置换术后患者翻身中的使用效果。方法:采用前瞻性队列研究方便抽样法选取2016年10月至2017年8月,江苏省涟水县人民医院骨一科收治股骨骨折患者100例为试验组,骨二科收治股骨骨折患者80例为对照组,试验组患者翻身使用下肢外展中立位翻身垫,对照组患者采用传统的枕头、靠背、衣服,比较2组患者舒适度评分、皮肤压力性损伤发生率、下肢深静脉血栓发生率及髋关节置换术后关节脱位发生率的差异。结果:试验组舒适度评分3分(有轻微疼痛,轻度不适感)得分率显著高于对照组( OD值为5.801, P<0.01),试验组1分(疼痛剧烈,不能忍受,极度不适)得分率显著低于对照组( OD值为0.168, P<0.01);试验组压力性损伤发生率显著低于对照组( OD值为0.126, P<0.05);而2组下肢深静脉血栓发生率差异无统计学意义( OD值为0.000, P>0.05);2组髋关节置换术后脱位发生率差异无统计学意义( OD值为0.000, P>0.05)。 结论:应用下肢外展中立位翻身垫能使患者舒适度明显提高,压力性损伤发生率显著降低。

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abstracts:

Objective:To investigate the effect of the lower extremitas abduction brace pads which is designed by our team in helping patient turnover after orthopedic femoral neck fracture, intertrochanteric fracture, femoral head replacement.Methods:Using prospective cohort study to facilitate sampling From October 2016 to August 2017, in an upper third-class hospital of Jiangsu province, we selected 100 patients in Orthopedics dept. No.1 at random as the experimental group and 80 patients in dept. No.2 as the control group. Lower extremitas abduction brace pads were used in experimental group and pillows, backrests and clothes were used in control group. Comfort level, incidence of skin pressure injury, joint dislocation rate and the compliance of the two groups were compared.Results:The number of patients in experimental group who rated the comfort up to 3 (feel a little pain and uncomfortable) was much higher than that in control group ( OD value was 5.801, P<0.01), while which rated 1 (feel painful, unbearable and extremely uncomfortable) was lower than that of control group ( OD value was 0.168 ,P<0.01) . The ratio of stress injury and dislocation were lower in experimental group ( OD value was 0.126, P=0.046). There was no significant difference between two groups in the ratio of dislocation after femoral head replacement ( OD value was 0.000, P=0.444) and leg deep vein thrombosis ( OD value was 0.000, P=1.000). Conclusion:Lower extremitas abduction brace pads can effectively improve the comfort of the patients and reduce the ratio of stress injury.

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