摘要Axons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) can regenerate after injury. However, the adult mammalian central nervous system (CNS) loses the intrinsic regrowth ability. No robust axon regeneration occurs spontaneously after nerve injury, which was clearly observed by Ramon y Cajal in the early 20th century (1,2). Due to lack of regenerative potentials, the injured axons permanently lose their connections from their targets, e.g. in the optic nerve damage and spinal cord injury. Later, pioneer studies found peripheral nerve segments can bridge the injured axons in the rodent retina (3), medulla and spinal cord (4). The transected axons are able to regrow along the peripheral nerve"bridge".
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