摘要Apoptosis is an important factor during the early stage of intracerebral hemorrhage. MiR-181c plays a key regulatory role in apoptosis. However, whether miR-181c is involved in apoptosis of prophase cells after intracerebral hemorrhage remains unclear. Therefore, in vitro and in vivo experiments were conducted to test this hypothesis. In vivo experiments: collagenase type Ⅶ was injected into the basal ganglia of adult Sprague-Dawley rats to establish an intracerebral hemorrhage model. MiR-181c mimic or inhibitor was injected in situ 4 hours after intracerebral hemorrhage. Neurological functional defects (neurological severity scores) were assessed 1, 7, and 14 days after model establishment. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate nick-end labeling and western blot assay were conducted 14 days after model establishment. In vitro experiments: PC12 cells were cultured under oxygen-glucose depriva-tion, and hemins were added to simulate intracerebral hemorrhage in vitro. MiR-181c mimic or inhibitor was added to regulate miR-181c expression. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay, luciferase reporter system, and western blot assay were performed. Experimental results revealed differences in miR-181c expression in brain tissues of both patients and rats with cerebral hem-orrhage. In addition, in vitro experiments found that miR-181c overexpression could upregulate the Bcl-2/Bax ratio to inhibit apoptosis, while inhibition of miR-181c expression could reduce the Bcl-2/Bax ratio and aggravate apoptosis of cells. Regulation of apoptosis occurred through the phosphoinositide 3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway by targeting of phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN). Higher miR-181c overexpression correlated with lower neurological severity scores, indicating better recovery of neurological function. In conclusion, miR-181c affects the prognosis of intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating apoptosis, and these effects might be directly mediated and regulated by targeting of the PTEN\PI3K/Akt pathway and Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Furthermore, these results indicated that miR-181c played a neuroprotective role in intracerebral hemorrhage by regulating apoptosis of nerve cells, thus providing a potential target for the prevention and treatment of intracerebral hemorrhage. Testing of human serum was authorized by the Ethics Committee of China Medical University (No. 2012-38-1) on February 20, 2012. The protocol was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (Registra-tion No. ChiCTR-COC-17013559). The animal study was approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of China Medical University (approval No. 2017008) on March 8, 2017.