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目的 探讨急性心血管事件院前急救的应急策略及流程.方法 采用前瞻性研究方法 ,连续登记本院急诊科收治的新发心血管疾病患者183例.按不同就诊模式分为拨打"120"就诊的救护组(94例)和由家人护送来院就诊的自救组(89例).救护组高中以上文化程度者及了解心血管急救知识的比例均较自救组高(50.0%比29.2%,83.0%比60.7%,P均<0.05),救护组院外给予各种应急治疗,自救组院外未进行正规治疗;到院后两组均按绿色通道救治方案及流程处理.1、3个月末对所有患者进行盲法随访.结果 183例患者中心血管事件构成以心肌梗死为主(占61.7%).救护组自救反应时间、第一处置时间、院外救治时间均较自救组短[(32.34±5.6)min比(89.6±8.4)min,(47.3±7.3)min比(149.8±13.5)min,(61.7±8.3)min比(149.8±13.5)min,P均<0.01];而两组院内急救时间比较差异无统计学意义C(29.9±5.3)min比(31.1±4.5)min,P>0.05].救护组1、3个月病死率较自救组低(2.1%比9.0%,4.2%比12.4%,P均<0.05).结论 完善的急救体系及路径能明显缩短患者第一处置时间和院外急救时间,改善患者预后;患者及家属的文化程度及健康知识直接影响就诊模式和预后.

Objective To study the strategy and process of out-hospital emergency care of acute cardiovascular events. Methods One hundred and eighty-three patients in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Baotou Medical College were prospectively studied. The patients were divided into two groups according to the different ways of out-hospital care, one group consisted of patients who received first-aid care after calling " 120" (94 cases), another was self-aid group consisting of patients sent to hospital by relatives (89 cases). The proportion of persons with higher than high school education and better knowledge for emergency care of patients with heart disease in first-aid group was higher than self-aid group (50. 0% vs. 29. 2%, 83.0% vs. 60. 7%, both P<0. 05). When the patients were brought to the emergency room, they were all treated according to our standard procedure and then registered. All patients were followed up at the end of first and third month after illness. Results Cardiovascular events were mainly myocardial infarction (61.7%) among 183 patients. There were statistically significant differences between two groups in self-aid response time, first disposal time and out-hospital rescuing time [(32.3 ± 5.6) minutes vs. (89.6±8.4) minutes, (47.3±7.3) minutes vs. (149.8±13.5) minutes, (61.7±8.3) minutes vs. [(149.8±13.5) minutes, all P<0. 01], but no difference was found in in-hospital rescuing time [(29. 9±5.3) minutes vs. (31.1±4.5) minutes, P>0. 05]. Morbidity rate was lower in first-aid group than self-aid group in 1st and 3rd month, respectively (2.1% vs. 9. 0%, 4. 2% vs. 12.4%, both P<0. 05). Conclusion Excellent emergency system and procedure can shorten initial disposal time and out-hospital rescuing time, thus improve patients' prognosis. The education level and health knowledge of patients and their raletives directly affect their mode of arriving hospital and prognosis.