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目的探讨表达性心理治疗对慢性精神分裂症住院患者自卑和孤独感的作用.方法将符合入组条件的120例慢性精神分裂症住院患者用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组各60例,最终两组均57例完成随访.两组均根据临床实际予以药物治疗,研究组合并表达性心理治疗.在基线、治疗6周、治疗12周末进行自卑感量表(FIS)、状态与特质孤独量表(STLS)评估.结果(1)研究组、对照组治疗前后在FIS评分(F=225.19,P<0.01)、STLS总分(F=225.20,P<0.01)以及状态量表(F=240.40,P<0.01)和特质量表的评分(F=106.75,P<0.01),均差异有统计学意义.(2)治疗6周后[(9.02±20.86)分,(57.89±20.48)分,t=-2.250,P<0.01]和治疗12周后[(38.43±17.50)分,(57.21±22.98)分,t=-4.900,P<0.01],研究组FIS评分均低于对照组,均差异有统计学意义.(3)治疗6周后及治疗12周末,研究组STLS-4总评分[6周:(54.32±12.30)分,(68.46±15.53)分,t=-5.425,P<0.01;12周:(44.16±10.81)分,(65.75±16.26)分,t=-8.386,P<0.01]、状态量表得分[6周:(25.95±6.41)分,(34.31±7.91)分,t=-6.239,P<0.01;12周:(19.15±5.49)分,(32.58±8.45)分,t=-10.103,P<0.01]、特质量表得分[6周:(28.37±6.73)分,(34.15±8.45)分,t=-4.138,P<0.01;12周:(25.00±6.18)分,(33.15±8.22)分,t=-6.019,P<0.01]均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义.结论表达性心理治疗能有效改善慢性精神分裂症患者的孤独及自卑状态.

Objective To explore the effect of the expressive psychotherapy on the feeling of inadequacy and loneliness of inpatients with chronic schizophrenia.MethodsTotally 120 chronic schizophrenia inpatients met recruited criteria were randomly divided into study group(n=60) and control group(n=60) according to random number table.57 patients in each group finished all the follow-ups finally.The patients in two groups were received normal medications while the patients in intervention group also attended expressive psychotherapy.All the patients were assessed at baseline,6 weeks and 12 weeks of treatment with the feeling of inadequacy scale (FIS) and the status and trait loneliness scale (STLS).Results(1) The FIS score(F=225.19,P<0.01),STLS total score(F=225.20,P<0.01),STLS status score(F=240.40,P<0.01) and STLS trait score(F=106.75,P<0.01) decreased significantly in both groups after intervention.(2) The FIS score of study group was much lower than those of control group at the at 6-week-follow-up(4.93±20.86,57.89±20.48,t=-2.250,P<0.01) and 12-week-follow-up(38.43±17.50,57.21±22.98,t=-4.900,P<0.01).(3) After 6 weeks treatment and 12 weeks treatment,STLS total score(6 weeks:(54.32±12.30) vs (68.46±15.53),t=-5.425,P<0.01,12 weeks:(44.16±10.81) vs (65.75±16.26),t=-8.386,P<0.01),STLS status score (6 weeks:(25.95±6.41) vs (34.31±7.91),t=-6.239,P<0.01,12 weeks:(19.15±5.49) vs (32.58±8.45),t=-10.103,P<0.01) and STLS trait score (6 weeks:(28.37±6.73) vs (34.15±8.45),t=-4.138,P<0.01,12 weeks:(25.00±6.18) vs (33.15±8.22),t=-6.019,P<0.01) in study group were lower than those in control group,and the difference was statistically significant.ConclusionExpressive psychotherapy can effectively improve the loneliness and inadequacy of patients with chronic schizophrenia.