摘要目的探讨淋巴结分支杆菌性梭形细胞假瘤的临床病理特征。方法对2 例淋巴结分支杆菌性梭形细胞假瘤，常规石蜡切片，HE、抗酸染色，免疫组织化学标记，光镜观察。结果患者均系1岁婴儿，无免疫缺陷疾病和使用免疫抑制剂史，出生1个月后接种卡介苗。临床表现：腋下淋巴结结节性肿大伴发热，病理表现：淋巴结内梭形细胞束状或席纹状增生伴有淋巴细胞、浆细胞、中性粒细胞浸润和增生的毛细血管，形成梭形细胞假瘤。抗酸染色显示病变内大量分支杆菌，免疫组织化学标记梭形细胞Mac387和溶菌酶强阳性、S-100阴性。结论在免疫功能低下或缺陷患者（如AIDS）和婴儿接种卡介苗后，可以发生淋巴结分支杆菌性梭形细胞假瘤。该病应与淋巴结的原发性梭形细胞肿瘤鉴别，确诊对其治疗十分重要。

abstractsObjective　 To study the clinicopathological of mycobacterial spindle cell pseudotumor in lymph nodes. Methods　 Two cases of spindle cell pseudotumor in t he lymph nodes of infants were examined using light microscopy. The sections wer e stained with HE, Ziehl-Neelsen and studied immunohistochemically. Results　 Both i nfants were 1 year of age and had a history of Bacilli Calmette Guerin (BCG) vac cination before discovery of their lymph node lesions. Clinically, the patients presented fever and enlarged lymph nodes. Histopathologically, the lesions showe d proliferation of spindle cells arranged in bundles, storiform patterns with a b undant capillaries and lymphocyte, plasma cell and neutrophil infiltration formi ng a spindle cell pseudotumor. Most of the spindle cells were phagocytic cells w hich contained large amounts of mycobactrium as observed by Ziehl-Neelsen stain ing. Immunohistochemical staining showed strongly positive result for Mac387 and lysosome, but negative for S-100 in spindle cells and histocytes. Conclusions　 Mycobacterial s pindle cell pseudotumor of lymph nodes may occur not only in immunodeficient patients ( such as AIDS) but also in infants after BCG vaccination. The lesions may mimic s pindle cell tumor in lymph nodes, therefore it is very important to recognize th ese lesions in order to treat the patient properly.