摘要目的 探讨心脏肿瘤的病理类型、年龄、性别及发病部位的分布特点及其相关性.方法 回顾性分析1992年1月1日至2017年12月31日广东省人民医院病理诊断的689例心脏肿瘤,复习其临床资料、HE切片、免疫组织化学切片及分子病理检测,根据第4版《WHO肺、胸膜、胸腺和心脏肿瘤分类》标准进行病理诊断、分类,并统计分析、复习相关文献.结果 689例心脏肿瘤患者平均发病年龄为48岁,发病高峰为40～59岁年龄段;其中男性259例,女性430例(男女比为3∶5),但青少年儿童患者中男性24例,女性12例(男女比为2∶1).原发性肿瘤674例(674/689,97.8%),继发性肿瘤15例(15/689,2.2%).各年龄段的心脏肿瘤均以良性肿瘤多见,20岁以下儿童及青少年与20岁及以上成年人相比,良性、交界性及恶性心脏肿瘤的发生率均较低(4.8%比95.2%;3/9比6/9;5.5%比94.5%,P=0.01).心脏良性肿瘤患者中,女性多于男性(406∶219),而交界性及恶性心脏肿瘤患者中,男性多于女性(6∶3和34∶21).心脏肿瘤以黏液瘤最为多见(577/674,85.6%).心脏黏液瘤好发于20岁及以上的成年人(85.9%比14.1%),女性多见,而非黏液瘤则好发于20岁以下的青少年及儿童(55.6%比44.4%,P<0.01),且男性稍多于女性.689例心脏肿瘤中,524例发生于左心房,其次是右心房(84例)、心包(26例)、右心室(23例)、左心室(11例),还有21例发生于多心腔或瓣膜.良性肿瘤最好发于左心系统(523/625,76.3%);交界性肿瘤好发于右心系统(5/9);恶性肿瘤好发于右心系统(22/55,40.0%).结论 原发性心脏肿瘤病理类型多样,其中黏液瘤的发病率占明显优势,主要为成年女性,但是儿童及青少年患者中男性多见,且以非黏液瘤为主.

abstractsObjective To study the clinicopathological characteristics of cardiac neoplasms. Methods A total of 689 cases of cardiac neoplasms from January 1st 1992 to December 31th 2017 at Guangdong Provincial People′s Hospital were collected. The clinical data and histologic features were analyzed along with a review of literature. The pathological diagnosis and classification were based on the criteria of WHO 4th edition(2015). Results Among 689 cases of cardiac neoplasms, 259 were male and 430 were female patients, with age from 0 to 84 years (mean of 48 years). The peak incidence was between the fourth and sixth decade. Among patients younger than 20 years, there were 24 males and 12 females. 674 cases(674/689,97.8%)were primary cardiac tumors and 15 cases were secondary tumors (15/689,2.2%). Amongst the primary cardiac neoplasms, 625 cases were benign(625/674,92.7%), 7 cases were borderline (7/674, 1.0%), and 42 cases were malignant (42/674, 6.2%). The incidences of benign, borderline and malignancy heart tumors among patients below 20 years old were lower than those of patients over 20 years of age (4.8% vs. 95.2%; 3/9 vs. 6/9; 5.5% vs. 94.5%, respectively). Of the benign tumors, 406 cases were female and 219 cases were male. More male than female patients were seen in borderline and malignancy cardiac tumor categories (6∶3; 34∶21). Of 625 benign tumors, 577 cases were myxoma(85.6%), which mainly occurred in patients over 20 years of age(85.9% vs. 14.1%) with a female predominance. Non?myxomas mainly occurred in children and adolescent patients compared to adult (55.6% vs. 44.4%, P<0.01) with a male predominance. Overall, 524 tumors originated from the left atrium, 84 cases from the right atrium, 26 cases from the pericardium, 23 cases from the right ventricular, and 11 cases from the left ventricle. However, 21 cases were multicentric or involving cardiac valves. Benign tumors mainly involved left heart(76.3%) vs. right heart(81/625, 12.6%). The mostly common location of borderline tumors was right heart(5/9). Malignant tumors tended to involve the right heart(22/55,40.0%) and pericardium(18/55, 32.7%). Conclusions Although the incidence of cardiac neoplasms is low,various tumor types can occur, most of which are myxoma with a female predominance. Non?myxomas mainly occur in children and adolescents with a male predominance.