摘要目的:观察肺移植切除病肺中合并肺癌的临床病理特征，了解其常见驱动基因改变情况。方法:分析2017年3月至2018年12月间中日友好医院肺移植术154例病肺标本，收集其中10例终末期间质性肺疾病合并肺癌患者的临床资料，采用HE染色，免疫组织化学染色及荧光PCR法进行病理学观察及肺癌常见驱动基因突变检测。结果:肺移植病例中肺癌检出率为6.5%（10/154），10例患者均为男性，平均年龄59岁，重度吸烟病史，基础性肺疾病以特发性肺纤维化多见（4/10）。3例术前明确诊断肿瘤，7例经术后病理检查方才确诊。组织学类型均为非小细胞性癌，其中腺癌8例，鳞状细胞癌2例，出现黏液腺癌成分的比例为3/10。2例伴有黏液腺癌成分的病例检出KRAS基因第2号外显子突变，其余病例未检出NRAS、表皮生长因子受体（EGFR）、间变性淋巴瘤激酶（ALK）、ROS1、BRAF、HER2、PI3KCA及RET基因改变。结论:肺癌在终末期间质性肺疾病患者中难以检出，组织学类型以腺癌为主，并且KRAS基因突变发生率高。患者治疗手段有限，预后差。

abstractsObjective:To describe the clinicopathological features of the lung cancers in the lungs explanted from lung transplant recipients, and to understand the molecular alterations of these cancers.Methods:The patients who underwent lung transplantation in China-Japan Friendship Hospital from March 2017 to December 2018 were reviewed. Clinical data of the patients with lung cancer associated with end-stage interstitial lung diseases (ILD) were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry were performed to evaluate the pathological feature. Real-time quantitative PCR was performed to analyze the hotspots and targeted regions of 9 cancer-associated genes.Results:Among the 154 identified patients, 10 met the inclusion criteria and were included. The detection rate of lung cancer in the lung transplantation patients was 6.5%(10/154). All of the included 10 patients were male, with an average age of 59 years. They all had a history of heavy smoking. Three cases had a lung cancer diagnosed before operation, while the other 7 cases were concealed in the specimen of end-stage ILD. All of lung cancers were non-small-cell carcinoma, including 8 cases of adenocarcinoma and 2 cases of squamous cell carcinoma. The proportion of mucinous adenocarcinoma components was 3/10. The mutations in KRAS gene exon 2 were detected in two patients with mucous adenocarcinoma, while no alterations in NRAS, EGFR, ALK, ROS1, BRAF, HER2, PI3KCA and RET were detected in the remaining patients.Conclusions:Lung cancers are difficult to detect in patients with end-stage ILD. They are mainly adenocarcinomas and associated with a higher frequency of mutations in KRAS gene. These cancers have limited treatment options and a poor prognosis.