摘要目的:探讨转移性肾细胞癌的临床病理学特征、鉴别诊断及预后。方法:回顾性分析海军军医大学长海医院病理科1994—2017年196例转移性肾细胞癌患者的临床资料、组织形态学、免疫表型及随访数据，并进行文献复习。结果:患者男性142例、女性54例，年龄19~81岁，中位年龄61岁。肿瘤转移部位位居前三者依次为肺（31.1%，61/196）、骨（29.1%，57/196）及消化系统（19.4%，38/196）。转移灶病理类型中，透明细胞性肾细胞癌最多见（94.4%，185/196）；其次为Ⅱ型乳头状肾细胞癌（3.6%，7/196）；TFE3易位性肾细胞癌和集合管癌罕见，分别为3例和1例。在转移性透明细胞性肾细胞癌病例中，多表达广谱细胞角蛋白（CKpan）、波形蛋白、碳酸酐酶Ⅸ（CAⅨ）、CD10；乳头状肾细胞癌中，多表达细胞角蛋白7（CK7）、CD10、P504s；TFE3易位性肾细胞癌表达TFE3；集合管癌表达高分子质量细胞角蛋白（HCK）。结论:肺转移、骨转移仍是肾癌最易发生转移的远隔部位；原发病灶切除术后5年内可能是发生转移的高危风险时间，且转移病灶首次发现时多为单发病灶。重视转移灶的形态学特征和临床病史信息，结合免疫组织化学CKpan、波形蛋白、CD10、CK7、TFE3、PAX2、PAX8，有助于正确诊断及判明肿瘤原发部位。

abstractsObjective:To analyze the clinico pathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of metastatic renal cell carcinomas.Methods:The clinical data, histology, immunophenotype and follow-up data of 196 patients with metastatic renal cell carcinoma diagnosed from 1994 to 2017 at the Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Naval Military Medical University, Shanghai, China were analyzed retrospectively.Results:There were 142 males and 54 females, with a median age of 61 years. The top three metastatic sites for the 196 cases of metastatic renal cell carcinoma were lung (31.1%, 61/196), bone (29.1%, 57/196) and digestive system (19.4%, 38/196). Among the pathological subtypes of metastasis, the proportion of clear cell renal cell carcinoma was 94.4% (185/196) and that of type II papillary renal cell carcinoma was 3.6% (7/196). The TFE3 translocated renal cell carcinoma and congestive tubular carcinoma were rare, with 3 cases and 1 case, respectively. CK, vimentin, CAⅨ and CD10 were expressed in all metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinomas. CK7, CD10 and P504s were expressed in papillary renal cell carcinomas. TFE3 was expressed in TFE3 translocated renal cell carcinoma. The collecting duct carcinoma was positive for HCK.Conclusions:Lung metastasis and bone metastasis are still the most frequent metastatic sites of renal cell carcinoma. Five years after primary lesion resection may be the high risk time for metastasis. Most of the metastases are solitary when they are first identified. To better diagnose and identify the renal origin of a metastatic renal cell carcinoma, one should consider morphological characteristics, clinical history information of the metastasis and the combined immunohistochemistry of CK, vimentin, CD10, CK7, TFE3, PAX2 and PAX8.