摘要目的:探讨浆膜腔积液淋巴母细胞淋巴瘤/急性淋巴细胞白血病（LBL/ALL）的细胞病理学诊断线索及意义。方法:收集郑州大学第一附属医院2011年8月至2019年12月确诊为LBL/ALL的浆膜腔积液标本45例，观察并总结其临床特点及细胞形态学特征，其中22例标本被制成细胞块并行免疫细胞化学检测，3例行流式细胞术检测，5例行T细胞受体（TCR）和免疫球蛋白（Ig）基因重排分析。结果:45例病例中男性35例，女性10例，男女比为3.5∶1.0，中位年龄15岁。39例（86.7%）患者有纵隔肿块，34例（75.6%）患者伴有血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）的增高；显微镜下，细胞量较为丰富，弥漫散在分布；细胞成分相对单一，小至中等大小；细胞核形不规则或曲核，可见核裂或乳头状突起，染色质细，核仁不明显；核分裂象易见；胞质少或无，背景均可见到核碎裂及凋亡小体。22例细胞块免疫表型为19例（86.4%）表达末端脱氧核苷酸转移酶（TdT），20例（90.9%）表达CD99，Ki-67阳性指数65%~95%。行流式细胞术检测的3例标本均显示TdT、CD2、CD3和CD7高表达的异常T细胞，行基因重排检测的5例标本中，4例呈TCR单克隆重排，1例同时发现TCR和Igκ单克隆重排。结论:结合临床特征（青少年男性伴有纵隔肿块）和细胞形态特点（大量散在分布的形态单一的中小淋巴细胞，明显的核形不规则，染色质细腻，易见核分裂象、核碎裂及凋亡小体），可以对浆膜腔积液LBL/ALL进行初步诊断，辅以免疫细胞化学结果及其他辅助检测技术可进一步提高LBL/ALL诊断的准确性和可靠性。

abstractsObjective:To study the diagnostic clues and significance in serous effusion cytology associated with lymphoblatic lymphoma/acute lymphoblastic leukemia (LBL/ALL).Methods:Forty-five serous effusion specimens with final diagnosis of LBL/ALL were collected from August 2011 to December 2019 at the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. All cases were reviewed for their clinical profiles, cytomorphologic features and ancillary studies. Cell blocks and immunocytochemistry were prepared in 22 cases; flow cytometric immunophenotyping was performed in three cases and gene rearrangement analysis (T-cell recepter, TCR and immunoglobulin, Ig) was performed in five cases.Results:Among the 45 cases, there were 35 males and 10 females with male to female ratio of 3.5∶1.0. The median age was 15 years. Mediastinal mass was the initial presentation in 39 patients (86.7%) and high LDL level were observed in 34 patients (75.6%). Microscopically, the majority of the specimens (86.7%) were hypercellular. The smears demonstrated dispersed lymphoblasts that were predominantly small to intermediate in size with scanty basophilic cytoplasm and irregular or convoluted nuclei with fine chromatin condensation and inconspicuous nucleoli. Mitoses were frequently observed. Karyorrhexis and apoptosis were seen in all cases. By immunophenotyping, TdT was expressed in 19 cases (86.4%) and CD99 in 20 cases (90.9%). Ki-67 expression varied from 65% to 95%. Flow cytometry in three cases demonstrated positivity for TdT, CD2, CD3 and CD7. Monoclonal TCR gene rearrangement was found in 4 of 5 cases, and both monoclonal TCR and Igκ gene were found in 1 case.Conclusions:In LBL/ALL, primary diagnosis could be made basing on clinical features (younger male patients with a mediastinum mass) and cytomorphology (monotonous, small to medium sized lymphoid cells with prominent irregular nuclei, fine chromatin and frequent mitoses, karyorrhexis and apoptosis). If immunocytochemistry and other ancillary studies are performed, the accuracy and reliability of the results could be improved.