摘要目的:探讨睾丸网腺癌的临床病理学特征、免疫表型、诊断及鉴别诊断。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2017年12月间四川大学华西医院病理科（3例）和福建医科大学附属第一医院病理科（1例）4例睾丸网腺癌患者的临床、病理资料，进行HE、免疫组织化学染色，并复习相关文献。结果:4例睾丸网腺癌患者，年龄26~64岁，2例最大径分别为3.0 cm和4.5 cm，大体检查肿瘤位于睾丸门部，切面实性，灰白灰黄色。镜下观察4例睾丸网腺癌具有多样的组织结构，包括梁索状（4/4），腺管状、巢状、肉瘤样（3/4），实性（2/4）以及乳头状、筛状、裂隙样（1/4）。腺癌细胞主要表现为3种形态：立方-柱状（4/4）、多边形（4/4）及梭形（2/4）。胞质透明及嗜酸性，胞核具有中-重度异型性及多形性，核分裂象多少不等。4例均可见到睾丸网上皮由良性-异型增生-癌转变过程。1例可见嗜酸性玻璃样小球。免疫组织化学示广谱细胞角蛋白（4/4）、上皮细胞膜抗原（4/4）、Ber-EP4（3/3）、碳酸酐酶Ⅸ（2/2）弥漫强阳性，细胞角蛋白7（4/4）、波形蛋白（4/4）、CD10（4/4）、PAX8（3/3）、PAX2（3/3）局灶阳性，Ki-67阳性指数>50%（4/4）。该病预后差，3例随访患者中2例于术后1年内死亡。结论:睾丸网腺癌少见，组织学结构多样，镜下观察到睾丸网上皮由良性-异型增生-癌转变过程是重要的诊断线索，而详细的临床病史、肿瘤的生长部位以及免疫组织化学检测有助于其诊断和鉴别诊断。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the clinicopathological features, immunophenotype, and differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the rete testis.Methods:Four adenocarcinoma cases of the rete testis diagnosed at West China Hospital, Chengdu, China (3 cases, including 2 consultation cases) and the First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China (1 case) between January 2009 and December 2017 were included. Their clinical, morphologic and immunohistochemical features were analyzed using histological analysis and immunohistochemical staining. Related literature was reviewed to reveal the characteristics of this tumor.Results:The 4 patients′ age range was 26-64 years. The maximum diameters of the tumors were 3.0 and 4.5 cm in 2 cases, respectively. On gross examination, adenocarcinomas of the rete testis appeared as a solid, white to gray or tan to yellow mass that raised at the hilum of the testis. Microscopically, all tumors showed multiple histologic patterns, including corded/trabecular (4/4), glandular, nested, sarcomatoid (3/4), solid (2/4), papillary, cribriform, and slit-like (1/4). Three types of adenocarcinoma cells included cuboidal to columnar (4/4), polygonal (4/4) and spindle-shaped (2/4) with pale eosinophilic and clear cytoplasm. The tumor cell nuclei appeared moderately to markedly atypical and pleomorphic, with a various number of mitoses. Transition from benign to malignant rete epithelium was seen in all cases. Eosinophilic hyaloid globules were found in 1 case. On immunohistochemical study, the tumor cells were diffusely, strongly positive for CKpan (4/4), EMA (4/4), Ber-EP4 (3/3) and CAⅨ(2/2), and focally positive for CK7 (4/4), vimentin (4/4), CD10 (4/4), PAX8 (3/3), PAX2 (3/3). The Ki-67 proliferative index was all>50% (4/4). The prognosis was poor. Two of the 3 patients died within 1 year after the surgical resection.Conclusions:Adenocarcinoma of the rete testis is a rare malignant tumor with several histologic patterns. Transition from benign to malignant rete epithelium is an important diagnostic clue. Detailed clinical history, tumor growth site and immunohistochemistry are helpful for its diagnosis and differential diagnosis.