摘要目的:探讨基于深度学习的人工智能在非炎性主动脉中膜变性中的辅助诊断及其应用价值。方法:选取2018年1—6月首都医科大学附属北京安贞医院保存的89例非炎性主动脉中膜变性标本组织HE切片，扫描成数字切片后进行人工标注，在标注区域总提取1 627幅中膜病变HE图像。结合一种改进的基于ResNet18的卷积神经网络模型，进行非炎性主动脉病理图像的4分类研究，并对模型应用进行检测。结果:4分类模型对中膜变性病理改变中最常见的平滑肌细胞核缺失病变的识别准确率、灵敏度及精确率分别为99.39%、98.36%、98.36%。弹力纤维断裂和/或缺失病变识别精确率为98.08%；层内型黏液样细胞外基质聚集病变识别准确率为96.93%。模型整体准确率为96.32%，受试者工作特征曲线下面积值可达0.982。结论:初步验证了深度学习神经网络模型在非炎性主动脉病变图像分类方面的准确性，该方法可以有效提升病理医师诊断效率。

abstractsObjective:To investigate the value of deep learning in classifying non-inflammatory aortic membrane degeneration.Methods:Eighty-nine cases of non-inflammatory aortic media degeneration diagnosed from January to June 2018 were collected at Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, China and scanned into digital sections. 1 627 hematoxylin and eosin stained photomicrographs were extracted. Combined with the ResNet18-based deep convolution neural network model, 4-category classification of pathological images were performed to diagnose the non-inflammatory aortic lesion.Results:The prediction model of artificial intelligence assisted diagnosis had the best accuracy, sensitivity and precision in identifying lesions with smooth muscle cell nuclei loss, which were 99.39%, 98.36% and 98.36%, respectively. The classification accuracy of elastic fiber fragmentation and/or loss lesions was 98.08%, while that of intralamellar mucoid extracellular matrix accumulation lesions was 96.93%. The overall accuracy of the classification model was 96.32%, and the area under the curve was 0.982.Conclusions:The accuracy of deep learning neural network model in the 4-category classification of non-inflammatory aortic lesionsis confirmed based on digital photomicrographs. This method can effectively improve the diagnostic efficiency of pathologists.