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目的:总结多表皮生长因子10（MEGF10）基因缺陷致早发性肌病、无反射、呼吸窘迫和吞咽困难（EMARDD）患者的遗传学和临床表型特点。方法:回顾性分析厦门市儿童医院新生儿科于2022年4月诊断的1个家系3例MEGF10基因缺陷致EMARDD患儿的病例资料。并以“多表皮生长因子10”“肌病”或“MEGF10”“myopathy”为检索词分别检索中国知网、万方数据库和PubMed数据库自建库至2022年9月相关文献，结合本家系资料，对MEGF10基因缺陷致EMARDD患者的主要临床信息和基因型特点进行总结。结果:先证者 男，同卵双胎之大，7日龄，因“生后间断发绀伴吸吮能力弱7 d余”收入院。患儿生后即出现喂养及哭闹时口唇发绀伴喂养困难。入院查体发现四肢活动减少，双手第2至第5指呈屈曲状态，近节指间关节伸直受限，双髋外展均有受限，左侧为重，诊断为“新生儿吞咽困难，先天性指畸形”。入院后给予肢体康复和口腔康复训练，患儿自主呼吸逐渐平稳，可经口喂养，病情好转出院。先证者弟弟同期收入院，与先证者同卵双胎，临床表现及诊疗经过同先证者。先证者兄长生后表现为生长发育落后、重度营养不良、四肢张力低、通贯掌及哭声弱，8月龄死亡。完善家系全外显子测序发现3例患儿均为MEGF10基因相同位点复合杂合变异，2个变异位点（c.218+1G>A，c.2362+1G>A）均为剪接变异位点，分别来自父亲和母亲，为以往未报道的新的变异位点，符合常染色体隐性遗传模式，3例患儿最终诊断为“MEGF10基因缺陷致EMARDD”。文献复习符合检索条件中文文献0篇、英文文献18篇，共17个家系28例患者。结合本家系3例患儿共31例EMARDD患者，其中男13例、女18例，发病年龄范围为0~61岁。除外临床资料不全患者5例，纳入表型基因型特点分析的病例共26例，临床特点主要表现为呼吸困难（25例）、脊柱侧弯（22例）、喂养困难（21例）、肌无力（20例），其他特征包括反射消失或减弱（16例）和腭裂或高腭弓（15例），严重程度各不相同。肌肉活检显示非特异性变化，组织学特征从轻度肌肉纤维大小变异到微型核，而5例有微型核改变均见于至少1个等位基因为错义变异的患者，且成人期发病均见于MEGF10基因至少有1个等位基因为错义变异的患者。结论:MEGF10基因缺陷导致EMARDD可在新生儿期发病，主要临床特点为肌无力、呼吸困难和喂养困难。至少有1个等位基因为错义变异、肌肉活检提示有微型核改变的肌病患者，临床表型可能相对较轻。

Objective:To summarize the genetic and clinical phenotypic characteristics of patients with early-onset myopathy, areflexia, respiratory distress and dysphagia (EMARDD) caused by multiple epidermal growth factor 10 (MEGF10) gene defect.Methods:The clinical data of 3 infants in 1 family with EMARDD caused by MEGF10 gene defect diagnosed in the Department of Neonatology, Xiamen Children′s Hospital in April 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. Using "multiple epidermal growth factor 10" "myopathy" or "MEGF10" "myopathy" as the key words, and searching the relevant literature reports of CNKI, Wanfang Database and PubMed Database from the establishment of the database to September 2022. Combined with this family, the main clinical information and genotype characteristics of EMARDD patients caused by MEGF10 gene defect were summarized.Results:The proband, male, first infant of monozygotic twins, was admitted to hospital 7 days after birth "due to intermittent cyanosis with weak sucking". The infant had dysphagia accompanied with cyanosis of lips during feeding and crying after birth. Physical examination on admission revealed reduced muscle tone of the extremities, flexion of the second to fifth fingers of both hands with limited passive extension of proximal interphalangeal joints, and limited abduction of both hips. He was diagnosed as dysphagia of newborn, congenital dactyly. After admission, he was given limb and oral rehabilitation training, breathing gradually became stable and oral feeding fully allowed, and discharged along with improvement. The younger brother of the proband was admitted to the hospital at the same time, and his clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment process were the same as those of the proband. The elder brother of the proband died at the age of 8 months due to the delayed growth and development, severe malnutrition, hypotonia, single palmoclal crease and weak crying. A whole exon sequencing of the family was done, and found that the 3 children were all compound heterozygous variations at the same site of MEGF10 gene, with 2 splicing variants (c.218+1G>A, c.2362+1G>A), which came from the father and mother respectively, and the new variation was consistent with the autosomal recessive inheritance model. Three children were finally diagnosed as EMARDD caused by MEGF10 gene defect. There are 0 Chinese literature and 18 English literature that met the search conditions. Totally 17 families including 28 patients were reported. There were 31 EMARDD patients including 3 infants from this family. Among them, there were 13 males and 18 females. The reported age of onset ranged from 0 to 61 years. Except for 5 patients with incomplete clinical data, 26 patients were included in the analysis of phenotypic and genotypic characteristics. The clinical features were mainly dyspnea (25 cases), scoliosis (22 cases), feeding difficulties (21 cases), myasthenia (20 cases), and other features including areflexia (16 cases) and cleft palate or high palatal arch(15 cases). Muscle biopsy showed non-specific changes, with histological characteristics ranging from slight muscle fiber size variation to minicores change which was seen in all 5 patients with at least 1 missense mutation of allele. In addition, the adult onset was found in patients with at least 1 missense variant of MEGF10 gene.Conclusions:MEGF10 gene defect related EMARDD can occur in the neonatal period, and the main clinical features are muscle weakness, breathing and feeding difficulties. Patients with myopathy who have at least 1 missense mutation and muscle biopsy indicating minicores change may be relatively mild.