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目的 探讨分娩性臂丛神经麻痹(OBPP)的发病危险因素.方法 收集1997年1月至2009年12月山东省医疗事故鉴定办公室进行医疗鉴定并已诊断为OBPP的46例患者为OBPP组,按照1:3的匹配方式随机选取同医院、同时期、同性别的正常分娩138例新生儿作为对照组.采用回顾性病例对照研究的方法,对两组新生儿情况、产妇情况、分娩过程及助产士工作年限等因素进行单因素及多因素logistic回归分析.结果 (1)两组产妇骨盆外测量均在正常值范围,两组新生儿均为单胎头位并经阴道分娩.OBPP组均为单侧臂丛神经损伤,其中左侧22例,右侧24例;全臂型17例,上臂型26例,前臂型3例.两组产妇年龄、孕产次及分娩孕龄比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(2)OBPP组产前体质指数(BMI)、宫高、腹围分别为(29.5±2.4) kg/m2、(34.9±2.4)及(105±6) cm,对照组分别为(26.1±2.5)kg/m2、(33.7±2.2)及(99±5) cm,两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).OBPP组新生儿平均出生体质量[(4390±489)g]明显高于对照组[(3404±360)g],两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).OBPP组助产士工作年限[(5.2±2.3)年]明显低于对照组[(8.9±5.4)年],两组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).(3)OBPP组与对照组应用器械助产率分别为28.3％及3.6％,宫缩乏力发生率分别为28.3％及6.5％,第二产程延长发生率分别为8.7％及0.7％,胎方位异常发生率分别为10.9％及2.9％.OBPP组以上各指标均高于对照组,两组比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).(4)条件logistic回归单因素分析发现,两组产妇年龄、产前BMI、宫高、腹围、新生儿出生体质量、孕次、第二产程时间、分娩助产、胎位异常、宫缩乏力及助产士工作年限比较,差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.05).其中,助产士工作年限为保护性因素.(5)将上述各相关指标作为变量,选择逐步回归法进行多因素logistic回归分析,选人界值均为0.10,结果显示,孕妇产前BMI和新生儿出生体质量与OBPP发生有关联(P＜0.10),OR值分别为1.733和1.004.孕妇产前BMI OR值大于新生儿出生体质量OR值,孕妇产前BMI意义大于新生儿出生体质量.结论 孕妇产前BMI是OBPP发病的最重要危险因素,其次,另一个高危因素是新生儿出生体质量.助产士工作年限较长是其保护性因素.

Objective To study the risk factors of obstetrical brachial plexus palsy (OBPP).Methods Forty-six newborn infants with OBPP were recruited between January 1997 and December 2009 from Technical Appraisement Center for Medical Malpractice of Shandong province as OBPP group.In the control group,138 newborn infants delivered in the same time,same hospital and same gender were collected,with a ratio of 1:3.All the cases were analyzed retrospectively.The newborn,maternal,childbirth data and working experience of midwives were analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis.Results ( 1 ) External pelvimetries of the two groups were normal.All were singleton newborns by vaginal deliveries with cephalic presentation.Twenty-two newborns had left unilateral palsies,and the other 24 had right unilateral palsies.The numbers of the whole,upper and fore arm type were 17,26 and 3,respectively.The maternal age,gravidity,parity and gestational weeks were higher in OBPP group than in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).( 2 ) The maternal antepartum body mass index ( BMI ) [ ( 29.5 ± 2.4 ) kg/m2 ],height of the uterus [ (34.9 ± 2.4) cm ] and abdominal circumference [ ( 105 ± 6) cm ] in OBPP group were higher than those in the control group [ ( 26.1 ± 2.5 ) kg/m2,( 33.7 ± 2.2 ) cm and ( 99 ± 5 ) cm,respectively ] ( P ＜ 0.05 ).The newborn birth weight in OBPP group [ ( 4390 ± 489 ) g ] was significantly higher than the control group [ ( 3404 ± 360 ) g] ( P ＜ 0.01 ).The working experience of midwives in OBPP group [ ( 5.2 ± 2.3 ) years ] was less than the control group [ ( 8.9 ± 5.4) years ] ( P ＜ 0.01 ).(3) There was a higher proportion of instrumental delivery ( 28.3％ vs.3.6％ ),uterine atony (28.3％ vs.6.5％ ),prolonged second stage(8.7％ vs.0.7％ ) and fetal malposition( 10.9％ vs.2.9％ ) in the OBPP group than in the control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).(4) Univariate logistic analysis showed that the P values of maternal age,antepartum BMI,height of uterus,abdominal circumference,newborn birth weight,gravidity,second stage duration,instrumental delivery,fetal malposition,uterine atony and working experience of midwives were all less than 0.10.And the working experience of midwives was a protective factor.(5)The factors listed above were taken as variables,selected stepwise regression for multivariate logistic regression analysis.Boundary value was 0.10.It showed that the antepartum BMI ( OR =1.733 ) and newborn birth weight ( OR =1.004 ) were related to OBPP ( P ＜ 0.10 ).The significance of maternal antepartum BMI was higher than birth weight.Conclusions The maternal antepartum BMI is the most important risk factor for OBPP,and the newborn birth weight is the other risk factor.The working experience of midwives is a protective factor.