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目的 通过与开放手术比较,评价后腹腔镜手术治疗低分化肾盂癌的临床应用价值.方法 肾盂癌患者33例,病理为肿瘤局限于肾脏(T1N0M0～T3N0M0),细胞分化3级.12例行后腹腔镜下肾输尿管全切联合下腹部小切口切除患侧输尿管口,21例行开放性肾盂癌根治术,比较2组的临床疗效.结果腹腔镜组和开放手术组的平均手术时间分别为(232±36)和(212±17)min(P=0.100),术中平均出血量分别为(162±64)和(233±51)ml(P=0.001),术后肠道恢复时间为(2.5±0.5)和(3.9±0.3)d(P＜0.001),术后平均住院时间为(7.6＜0.9)和(9.8±1.1)d(P＜0.001).术后随访7～67个月,腹腔镜组患者无肿瘤复发或转移;开放组患者中术后1年腹膜后复发1例,发生浅表性膀胱癌3例,无患者死亡.结论 后腹腔镜联合下腹部小切口的肾盂癌根治术能有效治疗肿瘤局限但细胞分化差的患者,且创伤小、患者恢复快.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and application value of retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy for localized and poor differentiated renal pelvic carcinoma by comparing with open nephroureterectomy.Methods Thirty-three pelvic carcinoma patients underwent radical nephroureterectomy were retrospeetively analyzed.All tumors were confirmed to be localized,stage T1-T3 and grade 3.Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy was performed in 12 patients,the ureteral orifice was resected in traditional way through a small incision in lower abdomen.Open radical nephroureterectomy was performed in 21 cases.Clinical outcomes of the patients were compared between the 2 surgery groups.Results Mean operative time was 232 vs 212 min(P=0.100)and blood loss volume was 162 vs 233 ml(P=0.001)in the laparoscopic and open nephroureterectomy groups.Mean postoperative hospitalization was 7.6 vs 9.8 d(P＜0.001)for the laparoscopic and open groups.During the followup for 7-67 months,all the 33 patients survived.There was no recurrence or metastasis in laparoscopic group.While there was 1 retroperitoneal recurrence,and 3 cases suffering from superficial bladder cancer in open surgery group.Conclnsion Retroperitoneal laparoscopic nephroureterectomy may be performed safely in local renal pelvic carcinoma patients with poor differentiated tumors,with less intraoperative blood loss and early recovery.