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目的 分析开滦健康体检人群贫血患病率及其随时间变化的趋势及影响贫血的因素.方法 对参加2006、2008、2010、2012、2014年度5次健康体检的开滦在职及退休职工进行统一问卷调查、血液常规和生化检查.男性血红蛋白(Hb)＜120 g/L和女性＜110 g/L定义为贫血.计算贫血患病率,分析贫血患病率随时间变化的趋势,采用多因素logistics回归分析贫血的影响因素.结果 (1)2006-2014年5次健康体检人群的贫血患病率分别是3.7％、3.1％、2.4％、1.3％、1.5％;按性别分层:男性贫血患病率分别是3.3％、2.3％、1.9％、0.8％、1.0％,女性贫血患病率分别是5.3％、5.9％、4.2％、3.1％、3.3％.各年份女性贫血患病率均高于男性(P＜0.05).2006-2014年随着时间的推移,总人群贫血患病率及男性、女性贫血患病率均呈下降趋势(趋势x2检验,P＜0.05).(2)多因素logistic回归分析显示:增龄、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)升高与贫血呈正相关,其OR值分别为1.01(95％CI1.01-1.02)、1.03(95％CI1.02～1.03);贫血的负相关因素为男性、BMI、体育锻炼、吸烟、高脂血症病史,其OR值分别为0.60 (95％ CI 0.55～0.65)、0.99 (95％CI 0.98～0.99)、0.91 (95％ CI 0.82～0.98)、0.87 (95％ CI 0.81～0.95)、0.87(95％CI0.81～0.94).结论 开滦健康体检人群贫血患病率在男性和女性中存在差异,女性高于男性.随着时间的推移,贫血患病率水平有所下降.增龄、hs-CRP升高与贫血呈正相关,男性、BMI升高、加强体育锻炼、吸烟、存在高脂血症病史与贫血呈负相关.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and risk factors of anemia in a general population in Kailuan.Methods Working and retired employees m Kailuan Company who had participated in biennial physical examination from 2006-2014 were investigated by questionnaire and blood test.Hemoglobin levels＜ 120 g/L in male and＜ 110 g/L in female are defined as anemia.The trend of prevalence of anemia was analyzed by chi square test.Multivariable logistic regression was used to analyze the factors associated with anemia.Results (1) The biennial prevalence of anemia in Kailuan during 2006-2014 were 3.7％,3.1％,2.4％,1.3％,1.5％.The corresponding proportion were 3.3％,2.3％,1.9％,0.8％,1.0％ in males and 5.3％,5.9％,4.2％,3.1％ and 3.3％ in females,respectively.The differences between males and females were statistically significant (all P＜0.05).The prevalence of anemia declined over time (P for trend＜0.05).(2) The results of multivariable logistic regression showed that aging and elevated hs-CRP were positively associated with anemia,with OR=1.01 (95％CI 1.01-1.02)and 1.03 (95％CI 1.02-1.03),respectively.While male,BMI,physical exercise,smoking,hyperlipidemia were negatively associated with anemia with OR=0.60(95％CI 0.55-0.65),0.99 (95％CI 0.98-0.99),0.91 (95％CI 0.82-0.98),0.87 (95％CI 0.81-0.95)and 0.87(95％CI0.81-0.94),respectively.Conclusions The prevalence of anemia in a large general population in Kailuan has been analyzed.Prevalence of anemia is higher in males than females and declines over time.Several demographic and clinical characteristics are associated with anemia.