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目的 探讨肝移植受者术后早期肺血容量过高的原因及相应的处理.方法 291例肝移植受者,35例术后早期出现不同程度的肺血容量增高而发生肺水肿(高肺血容量组),其余未出现肺血容量增高的256例为对照组.记录两组术前、术中和术后中心静脉压(CVP)以及术中和术后3d的总入量、总出量和液体平衡量.结果 高肺血容量组术前即存在循环血容量过高的情况.术前、术中和术后CVP分别为(12.33±5.08)、(14.33±3.03)和(16.50±4.57)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa),均明显高于对照组的(7.10±2.62)、(4.33±0.33)和(5.28±2.33)mm Hg,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).高肺血容量组术中及术后3d液体总入量、术中总出量和术后3d液体平衡量分别为(15 456±1 771)ml、(16 087±3 412)ml、(9 155±2 188)ml和(4 197±2 083)ml,均明显高于对照组(6 774±1 088)ml、(10 755±242)ml、(3 431±1 621)ml和(271±1 450)ml,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经利尿和血液滤过等治疗,高肺血容量组30例好转,3例感染鲍曼不动杆菌,2例感染真菌,均于术后1个月内死亡.结论 肝移植术后早期肺血容量过高与术前存在循环血容量过高、术中大量输血和输液以及术后补液控制不够等密切相关,因此术前、术中及术后液体进出量的合理控制是关键.

Objective Objective To explore the reasons of lung hypervolemia after liver transplantation and the corresponding treatment strategies.Method 291 patients received liver transplantation,in which 35 cases underwent pulmonary edema at early stage (pulmonary hypervolemia group),and the rest without pulmonary hypervolemia served as control group.Average central venous pressure (CVP) was recorded pre-,intra-and post-operatively.Total intake,total discharge and fluid balance were also recorded intraoperatively and 3 days post-operatively.Result In pulmonary hypervolemia group,CVP was (12.33 ± 5.08),(14.33 ± 3.03) and (16.50 ± 4.57) mmHg pre-,intra-and post-operatively,significantly higher than that in control group (P＜0.05 for all).Total intake,total discharge and fluid balance in pulmonary hypervolemia group were significantly higher than those in control group intraoperatively and 3 days post-operatively (P＜0.05 for all).After diuretic therapy and hemodialysis,30 cases in pulmonary hypervolemia group recurred,and 5 cases died of infection.Conclusion Pulmonary hypervolemia at early stage after liver transplantation is related to fluid balance.The reasonable control of total intake,total discharge and fluid balance is necessary.