摘要恶性肿瘤是异质性最明显的人类疾病,通过分子诊断指导患者个体化的精准治疗,已逐渐成为肿瘤临床治疗的共识.然而,肿瘤在时间和空间上的异质性及组织标本不易获取的现实使液体活检的作用和价值越来越凸显.可用于液体活检的材料主要有循环肿瘤DNA、循环肿瘤细胞及细胞外囊泡等,它们各具优缺点,可以互为补充,准确、全面地反映肿瘤的特性,更好地指导患者的个体化精准治疗.本文将详述液体活检领域的研究进展,并以此阐明液体活检在肿瘤精准医疗中的重要作用.

abstractsMalignant tumor is the most heterogeneous human disease, and it has been gradually reached the consensus in clinical oncology that the personalized treatment of tumor patients should be directed by molecular diagnostics. However, the ever-changing characteristic of tumor in heterogeneity and the fact that tissue samples are usually unavailable highlight the function and significant of liquid biopsy. The material that could be used in liquid biopsy are mainly the circulating tumor DNA, circulating tumor cells and extracellular vesicles, which though have their own advantages and disadvantages, but could complement to each other, thus accurately and comprehensively reflecting the characteristic of the tumor and gave the best direction for patient′s individualized therapy. This article reviewed the recent advances of liquid biopsy and explained its importance in tumor precision medicine.