摘要目的 调查上海市成年人中慢性病相关危险因素行为特征.方法 选取2010年上海市慢性病及其危险因素调查项目中18岁以上的成年人作为研究对象,共15 516名.应用问卷调查研究对象一般信息、吸烟、饮酒、饮食、体育锻炼,以及高血压、糖尿病等主要慢病患病及控制状况等；体检项目包括身高、体重、腰围、血压、血糖、血脂等指标.结果 数据经复杂抽样加权调整,上海市成年人超重率为32.4％(5288名),肥胖率为8.8％(1538名),中心城区和非中心城区超重率分别为32.2％(2506名)和32.5％(2782名)(x2=0.10,P=0.844),肥胖率分别为8.7％(738名)和8.8％(800名)(x2=0.06,P =0.901).男女超重率分别为36.0％(2888名)、28.6％(2400名)(x2=96.61,P＜0.01),肥胖率分别为8.7％(745名)、8.9％(793名)(x2=0.06,P=0.851).腹型肥胖率为44.3％(7419名),男女分别为47.8％(3892名)、40.6％(3527名)(x2=81.23,P＜0.01),中心城区和非中心城区分别为46.5％(3703名)和42.6％(3716名)(x2=24.37,P=0.069).现在吸烟率为25.0％(3813名),经常吸烟率为22.1％(3402名),男女现在吸烟率分别为48.4％(3722名)和1.2％(91名)(x2 =4572.06,P＜0.01)；中心城区和非中心城区现在吸烟率分别为23.6％(1609名)和26.0％(2204名)(x2=11.92,P=0.018).男性中每月至少饮1次酒的比例为39.5％(3102名),非中心城区、中心城区分别为42.7％(1840名)和35.1％(1262名)(x2=45.98,P=0.012);几乎每天饮酒的比例为16.3％(1380名).过量饮酒的比例为28.9％(2483名),45～59岁组为38.5％(1191名)高于其他年龄组[18 ～44岁组22.8％(641名)、≥60岁组22.9％(651名)](x2=241.38,P＜0.01),非中心城区过量饮酒的比例高于中心城区,分别为33.5％(1578名)、22.8％(905名)(x2=117.12,P＜0.01).单次大量饮酒的比例为11.3％(903名),45 ～59岁组为15.3％(461名)高于其他年龄组[18～44岁组9.0％(222名)、≥60岁组8.2％(220名)](x2=78.21,P＜0.01),非中心城区高于中心城区,分别为13.5％(605名)、8.3％(298名)(x2=51.74,P＜0.01).上海市成年人75.0％(11 993名)从不参加体育锻炼.膳食中最突出的问题是乳类及其乳制品摄入不足(98.0％,15 218名)、蔬菜摄入不足(53.0％,7864名)、水果摄入不足(84.6％,13 372名)、食盐(52.0％,8257名)和食用油摄入过多(51.7％,7884名).结论 上海市慢性病危险因素仍高度流行,超重或肥胖、缺乏体育锻炼、吸烟、过量饮酒、不健康饮食各类行为危险因素流行水平呈现非中心城区高于中心城区,青壮年高于老年,男性高于女性的特征.

abstractsObjective To investigate the risk factors and behavior features related to chronic diseases among adults in Shanghai.Methods A total of 15 516 subjects aged over 18 years old were selected from the investigation project on chronic diseases and relevant risk factors in Shanghai in 2010.Questionnaire were used to investigate the general information of the subjects,such as behavior features as smoking,drinking,diet,physical activity as well as the prevalence and control of chronic diseases as hypertension and diabetes.The physical examination included height,weight,waist circumference,blood pressure,blood glucose and blood lipids.Results Being preprocessed by complex weighting method,the data showed that the overweight rate of Shanghai adults aged above 18 was 32.4％ (5288),separately 32.2％ (2506) and 32.5％ (2782) (x2 =0.10,P =0.844) in urban and rural areas; the obesity rate was 8.8％ (1538),separately 8.7％ (738) and 8.8％ (800) (x2 =0.06,P =0.901) in urban and rural areas.The overweight rate was separately 36.0％ (2888) in males and 28.6％ (2400) in females (x2 =96.61,P＜0.01); while the obesity rate was separately 8.7％ (745) in males and 8.9％ (793) in females (x2 =0.06,P =0.851).Abdominal obesity rate was 44.3％ (7419),separately 47.8％ (3892) in males and40.6％ (3527) in females (x2 =81.23,P＜0.01),46.5％ (3703) in urban areas and 42.6％ (3716) in rural areas (x2 =24.37,P =0.069).Current smoking rate was 25.0％ (3813),separately 48.4％ (3722) and 1.2％ (91) in males and females (x2-4572.06,P ＜0.01); 23.6％ (1609) and 26.0％ (2204) in urban and rural areas (x2 =11.92,P =0.018).The regular smoking rate was 22.1％ (3402).The rate of having the habit of drinking at least once a month in males was 39.5％ (3102),separately 35.1％ (1262) and 42.7％ (1840) in urban and rural areas (x2 =45.98,P =0.012).The rate of drinking almost every day was 16.3％ (1380),and the percentage of excessive alcohol consumption was 28.9％ (2483).The percentage in group of subjects aging between 45-59 years old was 38.5％ (1191),which was higher than that in any other groups (22.8％ (641) in group aging 18-44 years old and 22.9％ (651) in group aging ≥60 years old) (x2 =241.38,P ＜0.01).The percentage of over-drinking in rural area was higher than that in urban area,which was 33.5％ (1578) and 22.8％ (905) respectively (x2 =117.12,P ＜ 0.01).The percentage of once over-drinking was 11.3％ (903).It was higher in group aging between 45-49 years old (15.3％ (461)) than in other groups (9.0％ (222) in group aging 18-44 years old and 8.2％ (220) in group aging ≥60 years old) (x2 =78.21,P ＜ 0.01).It was also higher in rural area (13.5％ (605)) than in urban area (8.3％ (298)) (x2 =51.74,P ＜0.01).There were 75.0％ (11 993) of the Shanghai adults never took physical activity.And the most important problems in dietary habit were insufficient intake of dairy products (98.0％,15 218),vegetables (53.0％,7864) and fruits (84.6％,13 372),excess consumption of sodium (52.0％,8257) and oil (51.7％,7884).Conclusion The risk factors of chronic diseases were highly prevalent in Shanghai.The prevalence of risk factors as overweight or obesity,lack of physical activity,smoking,over-drinking and unhealthy dietary habits were higher among adults living in suburban areas than those living in urban areas;the prevalence was also higher among the young adults than that among the elderly people,higher amongmales than that among females.