摘要目的 探讨中小学生近视患病情况及影响因素、中小学生眼保健操操作的科学性和有效性.方法 2008年5月至2009年9月,综合地域经济文化发展水平,高原、平原、沿海地理因素,人口密度、紫外线照射强度,城区差别,重点与普通学校等因素,采用随机抽样的方法从云南、山东、温州、青海和上海5个省市区随机抽取90家学校,然后对选定学校进行眼保健操、近视及相关情况调查.采用随机抽样的方法,2012年5至6月,抽取某大学一年级生进行回顾性调查,选取了929例小学毕业视力正常作为分析对象,以出现近视学生作为病例组,未出现近视能作为对照组,然后通过Logistic多元逐步回归分析,建立回归分析模型.结果 回收有效问卷19 139张(回收率95.7％),包括小学生11 246名,初中生3673名,高中生4220名.小学生近视患病率为13.7％；初中生近视患病率为42.9％,高中生近视患病率为69.7％.根据显著性P＜0.001,说明该模型差异具有统计学意义.各影响因子中,以是否长期过度用眼影响最为显著,其次是户外活动和性别.结论 影响学生视力发育的因素在不断改变,用眼防护措施需要与时俱进.

abstractsObjectives To explore the situation and the affect factors of myopia and scientificalness and effectiveness of eye exercises about primary and middle school students.Methods Through the random cluster sampling method,20 000 students of 90 schools including key and non-key primary or junior or senior school in country and city of shandong,qinghai,yunnan,Shanghai and wenzhou were random selected.Primary students is 11 246 junior students is 3673 senior students is 4220.We surveyed related situation of eye exercises,myopia.a total of 19 139 valid questionnaires were received.By random sampling stratification method,freshmen were selected and retrospective surveyed.929 freshmen have normal vision when they graduated primary school.338 freshmen have normal vision when they graduated primary school.2 groups are considered analysis object,and Myopic students of the former in junior school stages and the latter in senior school stages are considered case group,normal vision are considered control group,and then through the Logistic multiple stepwise regression analysis,a regression analysis model is established.Results This survey show that myopia prevalence was 13.7％ of primary students,42.9％ of junior students,69.7％ of senior students.According to the significant P ＜0.001,Rsquare =0.14,the result shows that the model has the significant statistical significance.Among the influence factors,whether to long-term excessive use eye is the most significant,and following by outdoor activities and gender.A chi-square test x2 =0.371 and P =0.543 show that doing eye exercises was not statistically significant to prevalence of myopia.Conclusion The influence factors are changed,and the preventive methods should be adjusted with the social environment.