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目的:分析内镜黏膜下剥离术(ESD)治疗早期胃癌(EGC)的远期疗效。方法:回顾性分析2009年1月至2016年12月于中国医学科学院肿瘤医院内镜科行ESD的255例EGC患者的临床病理资料。分析患者的局部复发、同时性癌、异时性癌发生率。采用Kaplan-Meier法分析患者的5年无复发生存率和5年疾病特异性生存率。结果:255例EGC患者中，分化型EGC(D-EGC)组175例，未分化型EGC(UD-EGC)组80例。符合ESD扩大适应证171例，超出ESD扩大适应证84例。255例患者中，局部复发5例(2.0%)，同时性癌5例(2.0%)，异时性癌6例(2.4%)。D-EGC组患者的5年局部复发率为1.7%，与UD-EGC组的差异无统计学意义(2.5%， P＝0.675)。D-EGC组和UD-EGC组同时性癌的发生率分别为2.3%和1.2%，异时性癌的发生率分别为3.4%和0，差异均无统计学意义(均 P>0.05)。D-EGC组患者的5年无复发生存率为91.3%，与UD-EGC组的差异无统计学意义(95.9%， P＝0.236)。D-EGC组患者的5年疾病特异性生存率为100%，与UD-EGC组的差异无统计学意义(98.6%, P＝0.156)。 结论:ESD治疗EGC的远期疗效好。EGC患者ESD术后应注意局部复发和异时性癌的发生，这些病变再次实施ESD有较好的远期效果。

Objective:To analyze the long-term therapeutic effect of endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) on the treatment of early gastric cancer (EGC).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed EGC patients who underwent ESD at Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (CAMS), from January 2009 to December 2016. The incidence rates of local recurrence, synchronous cancer and heterogeneous cancer were analyzed. Kaplan-Meier method was used to analyze 5-years recurrence free survival (RFS) and 5-years disease special survival (DSS) of all patients.Results:A total of 255 EGC patients were enrolled in this study, included 175 differentiated early gastric cancer (D-EGC) patients and 80 undifferentiated early gastric cancer (UD-EGC) patients. Among them, 171 patients within the extended indication of ESD while 84 patients beyond the extended indication of ESD. Among the 225 patients, the incidence rates of local recurrence, synchronous cancer and heterogeneous cancer were 2.0%, 2.0% and 2.4%, respectively. The local recurrence rates of D-EGC group and UD-EGC group was 1.7% and 2.5%, respectively, without significant difference ( χ2=0.176, P=0.675). The incidence rates of synchronous and heterogenous cancer in the D-EGC group were 2.3% and 3.4%, higher than 1.2% and 0 of UD-EGC group, although there was no significant difference ( χ2=0.306, P=0.580 vs χ2=2.809, P=0.094). There were no significant differences in 5-years RFS (91.3% vs 95.9%, P=0.236) and 5-years DSS (100% vs 98.6%, P=0.156) between D-EGC group and UD-EGC group. Conclusions:The long-term outcome of ESD in the treatment of EGS is good. More attention should be paid to the occurrence of local recurrence and heterogeneous cancer in EGC patients undergo ESD. These patients still have a good long-tern outcome even undergoing ESD for more than once.