摘要对2016年9月至2018年9月在郑州大学第一附属医院急诊重症监护病房住院治疗的93例重度颅脑损伤患者的资料，进行回顾性分析，其中46例患者术后早期减轻脑水肿应用10%氯化钠60 ml（高渗盐组），47例患者应用20%甘露醇125 ml（甘露醇组），对比分析两组患者应用不同的脱水剂后2、4、6 h颅内压、中心静脉压、心率、平均动脉压（MAP）、尿量、血钠水平的变化。高渗组与甘露醇组首次脱水治疗后2、4、6 h颅内压、中心静脉压、心率、尿量等，差异均无统计学意义（均 P>0.05）；但两组的MAP分别为（88±11）与（80±10）、（85±10）与（78±9）、（79±12）与（73±13）mmHg（1 mmHg=0.133 kPa），血钠水平分别为（145±5）与（136±4）、（144±6）与（133±5）、（140±5）与（135±4）mmol/L，差异均有统计学意义（均 P<0.05）。提示高渗盐较甘露醇对重度颅脑损伤更好地降低颅内压同时增加脑灌注。

abstractsClinical data of 93 patients with severe craniocerebral injury admitted in the Emergency Intensive Care Unit (EICU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University from September 2016 to September 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. Forty six patients received 10% hypertonic salt solution 60 ml (hypertonic salt group) and 47 patients received 20% mannitol 125 ml (mannitol group) for relieving early postoperation cerebral edema. The changes of intracranial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate, mean arterial pressure (MAP), urine volume and serum sodium level at 2, 4 and 6 h after dehydrating agents were compared between two groups. There were no significant differences in the intracranial pressure, central venous pressure, heart rate and urine volume between two groups at 2, 4 and 6 h after the first dehydration treatment (all P>0.05). The MAP values of the two groups were (88±11) and (80±10), (85±10) and (78±9), (79±12) and (73±13) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) at 2, 4 and 6 h after the first dehydration treatment; and the serum sodium levels were (145±5) and (136±4), (144±6) and (133±5), (140±5) and (135±4) mmol/L, respectively. There were significant differences between two groups (all P<0.05). It is suggested that hypertonic salt can reduce intracranial pressure and increase cerebral perfusion better than mannitol in severe craniocerebral injury.