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目的 分析我院2008年1月至2010年12月重症监护病房(ICU)和普通病房导管相关血流感染(CRBSI)的发生情况,为CRBSI的预防和治疗提供依据.方法 将我院131例CRBSI病例分为ICU组和普通病房组,对临床资料、病原菌、导管位置、预后等进行回顾性分析.结果 ICU组(88例)和普通病房组(43例)在年龄和性别构成上差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).ICU组患者APACHE Ⅱ评分高于普通病房组(P=0.039).CRBSI在股静脉置管的患者中发生率最高.两组患者共培养出致病菌株152株.ICU组106株,其中革兰阳性球菌43株(40.6%),革兰阴性杆菌41株(38.7%),真菌22株(20.7%);普通病房组46株,其中革兰阳性球菌29株(63.0%).革兰阴性杆菌13株(28.3%),真菌4株(8.7%).因CRBSI导致死亡病例ICU组16例(18.2%),普通病房组4例(9.3%)(P＞0.05).混合感染患者死亡率显著高于单一菌株感染(P=0.004).死亡病例感染病原菌前三位分别为真菌(12株)、肠球菌(6株)、铜绿假单胞菌(3株).结论 CRBSI在ICU和普通病房患者中病原菌分布存在差异,是抗菌药物选择和预后判断中需要考虑的因素.

Objective To study the incidence and pathogenic etiology of catheter-related bloodstream infection (CRBSI) in intensive care unit (ICU) and general ward, and to provide basis for the prevention and therapy of CRBSI. Methods 131 cases of CRBSI were divided into ICU group and general ward group. The clinical data, pathogens, catheter location, and prognosis were analyzed retrospectively. Results There was no statistical significance on age and gender between ICU group (88 cases) and general ward group (43 cases) ( P ＞0. 05). APACHE Ⅱ score in ICU group was higher than that in general ward group ( P =0.039). The incidence of CRBSI in the femoral vein was the highest. There were 152 pathogenic strains isolated from the two groups. There were 106 strains in ICU group, in which 43 strains (40.6%) were gram-positive cocci, 41 strains (38.7%) were gram-negative bacilli, and 22 strains (20. 7%) were fungi. There were 46 strains in general ward group, in which 29 strains (63. 0%) were gram-positive cocci, 13 strains (28. 3%) were gram-negative bacilli, and four strains (8. 7%) were fungi. 16 patients (18. 2%) and four patients (9. 3%) respectively died due to CRBSI in ICU group and general ward group ( P ＞0. 05). The mortality in patients with mixed infection was significantly higher than that in patients with single-strain infection ( P =0.004). The top three pathogens associated with death were fungi (12 strains), Enterococcus (six strains), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (three strains). Conclusions The pathogenic strains of CRBSI were different between ICU and general ward, which may be of clinical significance in antibiotic therapy and prognosis.