摘要急性肺损伤(ALI)和急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)是由多种原因引起的一种临床急危重症，发展非常迅速，病死率极高。肺泡巨噬细胞M1/M2免疫失衡参与ALI/ARDS的发生发展。间充质干细胞可通过调控巨噬细胞由促炎性M1型向抗炎性M2型极化，抑制下游炎症反应，促进组织修复和再生，达到治疗ALI/ARDS的目的。因此，深入探讨间充质干细胞在治疗ALI中对巨噬细胞极化的调控机制，从而为临床治疗提供新的靶点。

abstractsAcute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) are clinical acute and severe diseases caused by various factors with extremely high fatality rate.Immune imbalance of alveolar macrophage M1/M2 is involved in the occurrence and development of ALI/ARDS.Mesenchymal stem cells can regulate the polarization of macrophages from pro-inflammatory M1 type to anti-inflammatory M2 type, inhibit downstream inflammatory response, promote tissue repair and regeneration, and achieve the purpose of treating ALI/ARDS.Therefore, the research of the regulation mechanism of mesenchymal stem cells on macrophage polarization in the treatment of acute lung injury is conducive to further study of its clinical application, so as to provide a new therapeutic target.