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麻风病有关的流行病学研究采用候选基因途径,比较对照设计病例的遗传标记频率,发现了不同的麻风易感和抗性基因,如白介素-10,维生素D受体和NRAMP1基因等.采用以家庭为基础的基因组扫描,还确定一些可能与麻风相关的染色体区域.随着人类基因组学研究的发展,将不断发现新的易感和抗性基因,并将这些遗传标记引入基因诊断和预后工具,筛选高危人群,中断传播链.

Most leprosy-related epidemiological studies are based on the comparison of frequencies of genetic markers in case-control designs using candidate genes. Many susceptibility and resistance genes, such as interleukin (IL)-10 gene, vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, and NRAMP1 gene, have been newly identified.Genomic scans using family-based designs also have determined some chromosome regions which may be asso ciated with leprosy. With the progress in human genome research, more susceptibility and resistance genes will be found, and these genetic markers will be applied to gene diagnosis and prognosis prediction so as to screen high-risk populations and break the chain of transmission of leprosy.