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表观遗传学是一种分子现象,其表型变化从一代传递到下一代,在DNA结构上无明显的改变,包括DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰、染色质重塑和RNA干扰等,其中又以DNA甲基化研究最为广泛,进展最为迅速.黑素瘤是外胚叶神经嵴来源的恶性肿瘤,在所有皮肤肿瘤中恶性程度最高,致死性极强.近年来,越来越多的研究发现,表观遗传学改变对黑素瘤的发生发展具有重要意义.概述表观遗传学的DNA甲基化、组蛋白修饰及非编码序列与黑素瘤发病的相关研究进展,为黑素瘤的诊断及预后提供帮助.

Epigenetics is a kind of molecular phenomenon that refers to phenotypic changes inherited from one generation to the next without obvious alterations in DNA structures, including DNA methylation, histone modifications, chromatin remodeling, RNA interference, and so on. Of these issues,DNA methylation is the most widely researched with the most rapid progress. Melanoma, derived from the deric neural crest, shows the highest malignancy and lethality in all skin neoplasms. Recently, more and more researches have found that epigenetic changes have great importance for the occurrence and development of melanoma. This review summarizes progress in the association of melanoma development with epigenetic DNA methylation, histone modification and non?encoding sequences, which may be helpful to the diagnosis and prognosis of melanoma.