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结直肠癌是最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,是遗传突变和表观遗传变异逐渐累积的结果,其死亡率仅次于肺癌.大部分结直肠癌患者出现症状时已发展至中晚期,接受手术治疗和化疗后的效果往往不理想.近年来随着靶向药物的出现,结直肠癌的个体化治疗逐渐成为趋势.随着人们对结直肠癌的深入研究,越来越多关于结直肠癌的分子标志物不断被发现,其在肿瘤发生、发展及治疗中的影响也逐渐受到重视.将分子标志物应用于结直肠癌的筛查有助于疾病的早期发现和诊断.个体化治疗前进行分子标志物检测可优化治疗方案,并提示患者预后情况.将目前研究较多且具有临床应用前景的分子标志物做简要概述,以期为结直肠癌的早期诊断和治疗提供参考依据.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common human malignant diseases, the cumulative result of genetic and epigenetic mutations, and its mortality rate is second only to that of lung cancer. Most patients with CRC have developed to middle to advanced stage when symptoms appear, and the treatment effects of surgery and chemotherapy are usually not satisfactory. With the emergence of targeted drugs in recent years, individualized treatment of colorectal cancer has gradually become a trend. With the development of colorectal cancer research, more and more molecular markers of colorectal cancer have been continuously discovered, and its impact on tumorigenesis, development and treatment has gradually received more attention. The application of molecular markers in the screening of colorectal cancer can help the early detection and diagnosis. Detection of molecular markers before individualized treatment can optimize the treatment plan and prompt the patient's prognosis. In this paper, the most recent findings of molecular markers with promising clinical application were summarized, in order to provide reference for the early diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer.