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目的 探讨维持性血液透析患者退出透析原因及影响生存率和生存质量的相关因素.方法 对2000年1月至2010年5月在我院进行维持性血液透析的174例患者进行回顾性分析.结果 共64例患者退出治疗,退出率35.29%,其中以死亡、肾移植为主,分别占53.12%、23.44%.死亡原因以脑血管病为主(31.25%);其次为心血管病占26.47%.组间比较死亡组平均年龄较大.结论 维持性血液透析患者退出治疗的主要原因是死亡,心、脑血管病是死亡的主要原因,高血压、糖尿病、营养不良和高龄是影响死亡率的重要因素,合理选择透析方式和处方能有效延长患者寿命,提高生存质量.

Objective To investigate the cause of dropout and the factors relating to their survival rate and living quality in patients with maintenance hemodialyis.Methods We retrospectively analyzed 174 maintenance hemodialysis patients in this hospital during the period from July 2000 through June 2010.Results In these patients,64 cases(35.29%)discontinued hemodialysis therapy,of which the main causes were death (53.12%),renal transplantation(23.44%).The main cause of death was cerebrovascular diseases (32.35%).The next cause of death was cardiovascular diseases(26.47%).The death cases had older age.Conclusion Death was the main major cause of dropout in patients with maintenance hemodialyis.Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases were the main cause of death.Hypertension,diabetes,malnutritio and older age were the factors relating to the higher mortality rate.Appropriate dialysis method and dosage will improve their life expectation and living quality.