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儿童喉气管狭窄可分为先天性和后天性两类.其中先天性喉气管狭窄少见,占喉气管狭窄的0.3％ ～1.0％.在过去的30年,对儿童喉气管狭窄的治疗取得了长足的进步,但是对于最严重的联合声门狭窄的病例,即使应用最新的技术,初次手术失败率仍高达30％.患儿往往需要多次手术,有的必须长期依靠气管切开维持呼吸,严重影响生活质量.目前,对于喉气管狭窄的诊断及治疗仍存在一定争议,因此,本文对儿童喉气管狭窄的病因、临床表现、诊断及治疗作一概括性综述.

Laryngotracheal stenosis includes congenital laryngotracheal stenosis and secondary laryngotracheal stenosis.Congenital laryngotracheal anomalies are rare,accounting for 0.3％-1.0％ of all laryngotracheal stenosis (LTS).Despite the management of pediatric LTS over the past 30 years had been considerable improved,primary surgery still failed in a significant number of complex LTS cases.In some severe LTS cases combined with glottic stenosis,the primary surgery failed around 30％,even with the latest available techniques.Children with LTS usually need multiple operations,and need the tracheostomy tube for months or even years.Therefore,the etiology,clinical features,diagnosis and treatment of laryngotracheal stenosis are summarized in this paper.