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目的：探讨超长链脂肪酸延伸酶6（ELOVL6）基因在高级别卵巢浆液性腺癌组织中的表达及其临床意义。方法选择2009年9月至2013年6月在中国医学科学院北京协和医学院肿瘤医院初治的172例高级别卵巢浆液性腺癌患者，收集其卵巢原发灶癌组织标本，其中40例同时取腹膜转移灶的癌组织进行配对，另取同期12例因子宫肌瘤行手术治疗患者的正常卵巢组织作为对照。采用逆转录（RT）-PCR技术、免疫组化SP法检测不同组织中ELOVL6 mRNA和蛋白的表达，并分析其与不同临床病理指标的关系及其对患者预后的影响。结果（1）RT-PCR技术检测显示，高级别卵巢浆液性腺癌原发灶及腹膜转移灶癌组织中ELOVL6 mRNA的表达水平分别为1.2±0.7、1.8±0.9，均显著低于正常卵巢组织（4.8±1.1；P<0.05）；而原发灶癌组织与腹膜转移灶癌组织比较，差异无统计学意义（P=0.610）。免疫组化SP法检测显示，高级别卵巢浆液性腺癌组织中ELOVL6蛋白的阳性表达率为54.7%（94/172），正常卵巢组织中表达率为12/12，两者比较，差异有统计学意义（P=0.001）。（2） ELOVL6蛋白阳性表达率G1～G2癌组织与G3癌组织（分别为70.2%、48.8%）比较，化疗敏感患者与耐药患者（分别为65.0%、39.1%）比较，差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）；而年龄≤60岁患者与>60岁患者（分别为60.7%、51.7%）比较，手术病理分期为Ⅰ～Ⅱ期与Ⅲ～Ⅳ期（分别为9/12、53.1%）比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。ELOVL6蛋白表达阳性和阴性患者的中位无瘤生存时间（分别为41和39个月）和中位总生存时间（分别为52和44个月）分别比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。结论高级别卵巢浆液性腺癌组织中ELOVL6 mRNA和蛋白表达下调，其表达水平可能与病理分级及耐药有关。

Objective To investigate the expression of elongation of very long-chain fatty acids family member 6 (ELOVL6) in high-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HSOC), and explore the correlation between its expression and clinical prognosis in these patients. Methods The expression of ELOVL6 at mRNA and protein levels were respectively detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR and immune histochemistry method in 12 cases with normal ovarian tissues and 172 cases with HSOC from primary tumor site, forty of which had paired peritoneal metastatic tissues. Results (1) The results tested by RT-PCR showed that ELOVL6 expression in normal ovarian tissue was 4.8±1.1, while 1.2±0.7 in primary tumors and 1.8 ± 0.9 peritoneal metastatic sites in HSOC. Compared with normal ovarian tissue, the level of ELOVL6 mRNA was significantly lower in HSOC (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between primary and peritoneal metastatic sites in HSOC (P=0.610). It was shown that ELOVL6 protein localized in cytoplasm of ovarian cancer cell by immunostaining assay. (2) ELOVL6 expression was observed in all normal ovarian tissue, 70.2%of G1-G2 and 48.8%of G3 HSOC (P<0.05). ELOVL6 expression in drug-resistant group were significantly lower than that in non-resistant group (39.1% vs 65.0%, P<0.01). The median disease-free&nbsp;survival was 41 months in the ELOVL6-positive group and 39 months in ELOVL6-negative group (P>0.05). The total median survival was 52 months in ELOVL6-positive group and 44 months in ELOVL6-negative group (P>0.05). Conclusion Low expression of ELOVL6 may correlate with the poor differentiation and drug resistance in HSOC.