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目的 了解糖尿病患者的营养知识水平,探索适合糖尿病患者的营养宣教方式.方法 采用整群随机抽样方法抽取郑州市两所医院256名住院2型糖尿病患者,随机分为试验组与对照组.对照组采用传统的营养宣教模式,试验组在传统的营养宣教法的基础上给予膳食实物宣教,采用t检验、x2检验对两组患者的营养知识认知情况和血糖水平进行比较与评价.结果 两组患者在营养宣教干预前的认知水平的差异无统计学意义,两组患者经宣教干预后营养知识认知水平均有一定的提高,其中膳食实物宣教组患者的平均认知得分为(86.5±3.8),显著高于对照组(71.5±4.6),差异有统计学意义(t=9.089,P＜0.05);两组患者干预后的餐后2 h血糖均明显下降,其中膳食实物宣教组餐后2 h血糖(9.15±1.06)mmol/L,与对照组(11.32±0.84)mmol/L之间的差异有统计学意义(t=6.273,P＜0.05).结论 膳食实物宣教可提高糖尿病患者的营养知识,改善膳食理念,有助于2型糖尿病患者控制餐后血糖,较传统营养宣教方式更直接、依从性更好.

Objective To assess the awareness of nutrition issues among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and to find effective nutrition education models. Methods According to cluster random sampling method,256 T2DM patients from 2 hospitals in Zhengzhou City were enrolled and randomly assigned to the study or control group. The participants in the study group received traditional nutrition education and real object-based diabetic diet guidance, and those in the control group received traditional nutrition education only. Awareness about nutrition and blood glucose levels were compared between the two groups by using independent t test and Chi-square test Results After the intervention, the study group showed significantly higher nutrition scores ( 86. 5 ± 3.8 vs 71.5 ± 4. 6, P ＜ 0. 05 ) and lower 2 h postprandial glucose level ( ( 9. 15 ± 1.06 ) mmol/L vs ( 11.32 ± 0. 84) mmol/L, P ＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion Real object-based diabetic diet teaching could foster the awareness in nutrition and decrease postprandial blood glucose level in T2DM patients.