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目的 调查肾移植受者自我管理行为现状.方法 选择2009年9月至2012年6月门诊就诊的97例肾移植受者,按照手术时间分为3组,分别是肾移植术后≤6个月、6～12个月及≥12个月,采用肾移植受者自我管理行为量表调查其自我管理行为,通过方差分析比较3组受者自我管理行为现状.结果 97例肾移植受者中,术后≤6个月组32例,术后6 ～12个月组31例,术后≥12个月组34例；3组患者的自我管理行为得分分别为(100.1±7.0)分、(99.0±7.3)分、(91.3±5.8)分,组间比较,差异有统计学意义(F=3.53,P=0.03).饮食方面,术后6～12个月组得分最高,组间比较差异有统计学意义(F=16.41,P=0.00)；躯体活动方面,术后≤6个月组得分最高,3组患者比较差异有统计学意义(F=11.50,P=0.00).肾移植术后≤6个月、6～12个月及≥12个月3组受者在掌握常用药物作用与副作用得分分别为(2.00±0.00)分、(2.03±0.18)分、(2.41 ±0.50)分,掌握常规化验值得分分别为(2.00±0.00)分、(2.05 ±0.16)分、(2.82 ±0.39)分,保护皮肤防晒方面得分分别为(3.09 ±0.30)分、(3.03 ±0.91)分、(2.85 ±0.36)分.结论 肾移植术后≥12个月受者的自我管理行为较差,需要医护人员进行相关的健康教育.

Objective To investigate self-management behaviors of kidney transplantation recipients after discharge.Methods A total of 97 kidney transplantation recipients were recruited from a teaching hospital of Peking University From September 2009 to June 2012,and all eligible subjects were then assigned to 3 groups:post-transplantation less than 6 months group (group A),post-transplantation 6-12 months group (group B),and post-transplantation more than 12 months group (group C).The subjects were required to complete self-management scale for renal transplant recipients.ANOVA was used for data analysis.Results There were 32 patients in group A,31 in group B,and 34 in group C.Self-management behavior score of the participants of the three groups was 100.1 ± 7.0,99.0 ± 7.3 and 91.3 ± 5.8,respectively (F =3.53,P =0.03).In terms of diet,group B got the highest score (F =16.41,P =0.00).However,group A showed excellence in physical activities (F =11.50,P =0.00).For three groups,score of drug effect and side effect was 2.00 ±0.00,2.03 ±0.18,and 2.41 ±0.50; score of routine laboratory values was 2.00 ±0.00,2.05 ± 0.16 and 2.82 ±0.39; and score of skin protection was 3.09 ±0.30,3.03 ± 0.91,and 2.85 ±0.36,respectively.Conclusions Post-transplantive self-management behavior of patients who completed the surgery for more than 12 months may not be better than others.Healthcare professionals need to improve patients' self-management through health education.