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目的 探讨团体心理干预与放松训练对护士工作倦怠的影响.方法 护士236名,均为女性临床一线注册护士,护龄1 ～ 30年,平均年龄(26.79±3.96)岁,平均护龄(16.86±2.78)年.采用随机数字法分为干预组120d人和对照组116人.干预组6人中途退出,有效被试护士114人.对照组9人问卷填写不完整,107人纳入最后统计.干预组由心理专家实施每周1次,每次60 min的团体心理干预;同时指导受试者每晚行放松训练10 min及渐进性肌肉放松20 min,干预时间8周.对照组不实施任何干预.两组分别在干预前和干预后的第8周采用工作倦怠感量表对情绪枯竭(EE)、去人格化倾向(DP)、个人成就感(PA)三个维度进行评估.结果 干预前两组护士工作倦怠三个维度评分差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05);干预后干预组EE(13.62±7.86 vs.19.83±4.89)、DP(5.25±3.27vs.6.55±3.43)分值较对照组低,PA分较对照组高(38.28±6.34vs.32.13±7.06),三个维度得分差异均有统计学意义(P均＜0.01);干预组在干预前后EE(18.92±8.36vs.13.62±7.86)、DP(6.44±3.56vs.5.25±3.27)分值降低,PA(28.39±7.78vs.38.28±6.34)分值提高,三个维度得分差异有统计学意义(P均＜0.01),而对照组干预前后差异无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).干预后1年～护龄护士干预组较对照组EE(13.21±7.32vs.16.91±5.63)、DP(5.61±4.33 vs.7.80±4.59)分值低(P均＜0.05),PA(36.34±7.28vs.31.39±6.88)分值高(P＜0.01),三个维度比较差异均有统计学意义.干预后10年～护龄护士干预组较对照组EE(11.68±5.95vs.15.14±6.43)、DP(5.11±3.65vs.7.82±5.21)分值低,PA(31.24±8.90vs.27.33±5.96)分值高,三个维度比较差异均有统计学意义(尸均＜0.01);干预后20 ～30年护龄护士干预组较对照组EE(12.37±5.23vs.15.36±4.98)低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 团体心理干预与放松训练能有效缓解护士的工作倦怠.

Objective To evaluate the effect of group psychological intervention and relaxation training on nurses' job burnout.Methods A total of 236 female registered nurses [mean age (27±4) years,and mean employment (17±3) years] were randomly assigned to the intervention group (n=120) and the control group (n=116).The intervention group had 60-minute group psychological intervention,10-minute psychological relaxing exercises and 20-minute progressing muscle relaxing exercises per week for 8 weeks.The control group did not receive any instrument.The participants were assessed at the 1st and 8th week by using the Job Burnout Scale.Results There was no statistical significance in three dimensions of the Job Burnout Scale between the two groups at baseline (P＞0.05).However,after the intervention,the intervention group had lower scores of EE (13.62±7.86 vs.19.83±4.89) and DP (5.25±3.27 vs.6.55±3.43) and higher scores of PA (38.28±6.34 vs.32.13±7.06) than the control group (all P＜0.01),and had lower scores of EE (18.92±8.36 vs.13.62±7.86) and DP (6.44±3.56 vs.5.25±3.27) and higher scores of PA (28.39±7.78 vs.38.28 ± 6.34) than baseline (all P＜0.01).The control group showed no significant difference in those parameters before and after the intervention (P＞0.05).In the intervention group,1-9 years employment subgroup had lower scores of EE (13.21±7.32 vs.16.91±5.63) and DP (5.61±4.33 vs.7.80±4.59) and higher scores of PA (36.34±7.28 vs.31.39±6.88) than the control group; 10-19 years employment subgroup had lower scores of EE (11.68±5.95 vs.15.14±6.43) and DP (5.11±3.65 vs.7.82±5.21) and higher scores of PA (31.24±8.90 vs.27.33±5.96) than the control group (all P＜0.01); 20-29 years employment subgroup had lower scores of EE (12.37±5.23 vs.15.36±4.98) than the control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions Group psychological intervention and relaxation training could effectively relieve nurses' job burnout.