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目的 探讨慢性病危险因素干预对降低北京市某证券企业员工的慢性病患病风险,提高员工慢性病知识水平的效果.方法 采用前后对照的类实验方法,用本课题组开发的《健康危险因素干预调查问卷》,对北京市某证券企业157名员工进行基线调查,根据调查结果对其进行为期1年的慢性病危险因素的干预,并对其进行干预后调查,采用配对卡方检验和符号秩检验比较基线与干预后调查结果,评价干预效果.结果 膳食不合理员工的比例由75.0%降至56.8%,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.53,P<0.05);身体活动不足员工的比例由35.5%降至17.4%,差异有统计学意义(?2=19.60,P<0.05);员工吸烟的比例由16.8%降至11.6%,差异有统计学意义(?2=4.00,P<0.05).员工具有其他健康相关危险因素的比例在干预前、后均未见显著变化(均P>0.05).员工的健康知识得分中位数由10.20提高到11.33,差异具有统计学意义(符号秩S=-2 545,P<0.05),对盐推荐摄入量的知晓率由46.2%提高到67.1%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=17.85,P<0.05).结论 对慢性病危险因素的干预可以降低慢性病患病风险、提高员工慢性病知识水平.

Objective To evaluate whether an intervention with a health promotion program can reduce prevalence of the health risk factors of non-communicable chronic diseases (NCD) and improve the knowledge awareness of NCD prevention of employees from a security corporation in Beijing selected by the study team. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by selecting 157 employees of a security corporation in Beijing, and a quasi-experiment method and a self-developed Questionnaire of Intervention for Health Risk Factors were used. Based on the results of the distribution of risk factors for NCD and the focus-group discussion, one year health promotion program intervention was performed. According to the comparison of prevalence of risk factors between baselines and after intervention of the studied employees, the intervention effectiveness was evaluated. Results After the health intervention, rate of reported unhealthy diet reduced from 75.0%to 56.8%, which showed statistically significant (?2=8.53, P<0.05);rate of reported less physical activity reduced from 35.5%to 17.4%, with statistical significance (?2=19.60, P<0.05);rate of reported cigarette smoking reduced from 16.8%to 11.6%with statistically significance. There was no statistically significant reduction in the rate of the other health risk factors (P>0.05). The median value of health knowledge awareness of the studied employees was significantly improved from 10.20 to 11.33(S=-2 545, P<0.05) and awareness of recommended daily intake of dietary salt increased significantly from 46.20%to 67.09%after intervention (χ2=17.85, P<0.05). Conclusion The non-communicable chronic diseases intervention program can reduce the health risk factors and improve health knowledge awareness of the studied population.