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目的 了解天津市居民膳食模式并探讨不同膳食模式与血清尿酸之间的关系.方法 采用横断面研究的设计方法,对11282名研究对象进行食物摄入频度、生活方式问卷、体格检查和实验室检查,用因子分析方法建立膳食模式,分析不同膳食模式与血清尿酸的关系.结果 因子分析得到3种膳食模式,分别为东方膳食模式、蔬菜膳食模式和天津膳食模式.高尿酸血症者中男性所占比例较大,有较高的体质指数(BMI)、腰围、血脂、血压及血糖水平,并且代谢综合征人群、吸烟者、饮酒者所占比例均比血清尿酸正常者高.高尿酸血症者有较高的社会地位及收入.调整年龄、性别、BMI、吸烟习惯、饮酒习惯、高血压、高脂血症、教育水平、工作、能量摄入、身体活动及代谢综合征等因素后,经Logistic回归分析三种膳食模式四分位水平与高尿酸血症患病率的OR(95%CI)分别为1.00,1.07(0.91~1.25),0.96(0.82~1.14),1.12(0.94~1.33);1.00,1.03(0.88~1.21),1.04(0.88~1.23),1.00(0.84~1.19);1.00,1.28(1.08~1.52),1.40(1.22~1.71),1.37(1.15~1.63),天津膳食模式与高尿酸血症的患病率呈显著正相关.结论 天津居民的天津膳食模式与血尿酸水平升高密切相关,天津膳食模式具有高热量、高脂肪、高蛋白特点.应养成健康的饮食习惯,对预防高尿酸血症的发生有重要的意义.

Objective To investigate the relationships between different dietary patterns and serum uric acid in Tianjin residents. Method By cross-sectional study design, 11282 subjects were studied via lifestyle questionnaires (including a valid food frequency questionnaire), physical examination and laboratory tests. Using factor analysis method to establish the dietary patterns, and relationships between different dietary patterns and serum uric acid were analyzed. Results Factor analysis showed 3 kinds of dietary patterns, including eastern dietary pattern, vegetable diets and Tianjin dietary pattern. There were more males in hyperuricemic population, who have a higher BMI, waist circumference, blood lipids, blood pressure and blood sugar levels, and also higher proportion of metabolic syndrome, smokers and alcohol drinkers. In addition, hyperuricemia patients had a higher level of social status and income. After adjustments for age, sex, BMI, smoking habits, alcohol consumption, hypertension, hyperlipidemia, education level, occupational status, energy intake, physical activity and metabolic syndrome, logistic regression analysis showed the odds ratio (95%confidence interval) for hyperuricemia across the quartiles of 3 dietary patterns as follows: 1.00, 1.07 (0.91, 1.25), 0.96 (0.82, 1.14), 1.12 (0.94, 1.33);1.00, 1.03 (0.88, 1.21), 1.04 (0.88, 1.23), 1.00 (0.84, 1.19); 1.00, 1.28 (1.08, 1.52), 1.40 (1.22, 1.71), 1.37 (1.15, 1.63), respectively. Significantly positive correlation was shown between Tianjin dietary pattern and hyperuricemia. Conclusion Tianjin residents' Tianjin dietary pattern is closely related to serum uric acid levels. Tianjin dietary patterns have characteristics of high calorie, high fat, high protein. Healthy eating habits have significant importance to prevent occurrence of hyperuricemia.