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目的 探讨亚临床甲状腺功能异常体检人群的骨密度异常情况.方法 对2009年7月1日至2017年1月31日期间在北京协和医院健康医学部进行健康查体的体检者的甲状腺功能[按照甲状腺功能分为甲状腺功能正常组(正常组)、亚甲亢组和亚甲减组]、骨代谢生化指标和骨密度进行回顾性分析.排除临床甲状腺功能异常,患有继发性骨质疏松危险因素的疾病者以及有相应的服药史的体检者.结果 共纳入6884人,其中女性3726人,男性3158人,平均年龄为(50.74±10.41)岁.亚甲亢组血钙低于正常组,亚甲亢组、亚甲减组血磷均高于正常组,亚甲亢组碱性磷酸酶高于正常组,P<0.05.男性正常组、亚甲亢组和亚甲减组骨密度异常率分别为36.10％(1049/2906)、29.27％(12/41)、27.01％(57/211),亚甲亢组与正常组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),亚甲减组低于正常组,差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.0901,P<0.01).其中,男性亚甲减组中40～49岁亚组骨密度异常率为15.07％(11/73),低于相应正常组[33.33％(367/734)](χ2=10.4618,P<0.01),其余年龄段男性亚甲减组与对应的正常组相比较,差异无统计学意义.女性甲状腺功能正常、亚甲亢和亚甲减三组骨密度异常率分别为38.81％(1286/3314)、45.83％(33/72)、40.88％(139/340),各组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 大多数亚临床甲状腺功能异常体检人群的骨密度异常率与甲状腺功能正常组差异无统计学意义,有可能是血清学异常出现在先,骨骼的形态学变化在后.更敏感的、能够代表骨代谢状态的检测项目有待发现.

Objective To investigate the relationship between abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) and subclinical thyroid dysfunction. Methods Thyroid function, biochemical indicators of bone metabolism and BMD were reviewed retrospectively in the subjects who received health checkups from July 1, 2009 to January 31, 2017 in the Health Check-up Department of Peking Union Medical College Hospital. People who had thyroid dysfunction, recognized risk factors for osteoporosis, and medication history were excluded. A cross-sectional analysis of thyroid status and biochemical indicators of bone metabolism was performed by the standard methods. BMD at the lumbar spine and femoral neck was measured using dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. Results A total of 6884 subjects (3726 women and 3158 men) were enrolled in the study, with an average age of (50.74 ± 10.41) years. They were divided into three groups:subclinical hyperthyroid, subclinical hypothyroid, and euthyroidism. The alkaline phosphatase in subclinical hyperthyroid group was higher than that in the euthyroidism group[ (67.95±20.64)U/L vs. (63.88±18.99)U/L]. Calcium and phosphorus in blood were higher in both subclinical hyperthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid groups. The rate of abnormal BMD in male euthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid groups were 36.10％(1049/2906), 29.27％(12/41) and 27.01％(57/211), respectively. The rate of abnormal BMD showed no difference between subclinical hyperthyroid group and euthyroidism group (P>0.05). The rate of abnormal BMD was lower in subclinical hypothyroid group than in euthyroidism group (χ2=7.0901, P<0.01), especially in the males aged 40-49 years (χ2=10.4618, P<0.01). The rate of abnormal BMD in female euthyroidism, subclinical hyperthyroid and subclinical hypothyroid groups was 38.81％(1286/3314), 45.83％ (33/72) and 40.88％ (139/340), respectively. The rate of abnormal BMD showed no difference among the three groups (P>0.05). Conclusion There is no significant difference in the rate of abnormal BMD between subclinical thyroid dysfunction group and euthyroidism group, possibly because abnormal serum biochemical indicators preceded the presence of low BMD. More sensitive methods used to determine the status of bone metabolism await to be developed.