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目的 应用膳食平衡指数(DBI)指标体系,评价兰州市城区幼儿园膳食质量状况.方法 根据幼儿园等级及地理位置分布,按5%比例随机抽取兰州市城区40所幼儿园,收集其2014至2017年春夏学期、秋冬学期的食谱各1份,最终纳入食谱304份(带量食谱291份,不带量食谱13份)作为研究对象.应用调整的3至6岁儿童DBI指数对食谱进行膳食质量评价,并通过Kruskal?Wallis H秩和检验对兰州市城区幼儿园各类食物食用率和DBI评价结果进行比较.结果 谷类食物、新鲜蔬菜、坚果及豆类、鱼虾、蛋类及零食摄入量理想的食谱占全部食谱的80.0%以上;而水果、肉类和加工类产品介于50.0%到80.0%,牛奶仅占26.8%;从摄入食物种类分析:每天吃到6种以上食物的食谱比例为98.3%;从幼儿园等级和年份两方面分析,均发现研究食谱的总体膳食质量问题主要表现为摄入不足和膳食失衡,且差异有统计学意义;其中2017年摄入不足、膳食失衡程度均大于其他年份.三级幼儿园摄入不足程度和膳食失衡程度均大于一级和二级幼儿园.膳食模式A的食谱占比为63.6%,且不存在C、F、G、H和I膳食模式.结论 兰州市城区幼儿园的膳食质量问题主要表现为膳食摄入不足和膳食失衡.应加强幼儿园膳食质量的监管并提倡均衡膳食理念,同时有针对性地强化三级幼儿园的膳食管理.

Objective To evaluate the dietary quality of children aged 3 to 6 years during the kindergarten period in Lanzhou City using the Dietary Balance Index (DBI). Methods Based on kindergarten grades and geographical locations, 304 recipes for different semesters from 2014 to 2017 in 40 kindergartens in Lanzhou City were randomly selected with a sampling ratio of 5% (291 recipes with no recipes 13 copies) as the research object. Adjusted DBI indicators for children aged 3 to 6 years were used to evaluate the dietary quality of the recipes during the kindergarten period in the sample. Using the Kruskal‐Wallis H rank‐sum test, the food consumption rates and DBI evaluation results of the kindergartens in Lanzhou City were analyzed. Results Results of the sub‐group diet scores that were close to the recommended intake (DBI scores between‐2 to 2) showed that cereals, fresh vegetables, nuts and beans, fish, shrimp, eggs, and snacks accounted for the ideal intake of more than 80% of all the recipes. The diet scores of fruits, meat, and processed products ranged from 50% to 80%, and that for milk accounted for only 26.8%. Analyzing the type of food intake showed that the proportion of recipes that included eating more than six types of food per day was 98.3%. Analyzing by kindergarten level and year showed that the overall dietary quality problems with the studied recipes were mainly caused by insufficient intake and dietary imbalance, and the difference was statistically significant. Among them, the lack of intake in 2017 and the degree of dietary imbalance were greater compared to the other years. The level of insufficiency and dietary imbalance in the third‐grade kindergartens were higher than those in the first‐ and second‐grade kindergartens. Dietary pattern A recipes accounted for 63.6% of the kindergarten recipes, and there were no recipes for dietary patterns C, F, G, H, and I. Conclusion The dietary quality problems of kindergartens in Lanzhou City were mainly reflected in the inadequate dietary intake and dietary imbalance. The supervision of dietary quality by kindergartens should be strengthened and the concept of a balanced diet should be promoted. The dietary management of third‐grade kindergartens should be simultaneously strengthened.