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目的 探讨符合消费者认知心理的营养信息表达方法,提高预包装食品营养标签的适用性.方法 根据《中国居民膳食指南2016科普版》举例的某品牌饼干营养标签,把饼干能量单位千焦(kJ)换算成“食物交换份”;根据《中国食物成分表》推算各类食物与某品牌饼干的3大产能营养素能量占比,并计算各类食物不同能量(食物交换份)比例搭配的3大营养素能量占比,以此判断某品牌饼干大概类似于某几类食物某种能量比例的混合搭配,从而确定“营养标签”可能的新的营养信息表达方式.运用“桌面推演”方法对某品牌饼干进行平衡膳食实践操作,比较现有的与改良的营养信息表达方法适用性与可操作性.结果 某品牌饼干100 g含能量1 823 kJ,约5个食物交换份.各类食物蛋白质、油脂和碳水化合物的平均能量占比:谷物类分别为15％、5％和80％;蛋白质类分别为55％、39％和10％;蔬菜类分别为27％、9％和58％;水果类分别为5％、3％和91％;油脂类分别为0％、104％和1％;坚果类分别为15％、81％和7％.不同类别的食物按能量的不同比例混合搭配后,3大产能营养素的能量占比会有不同,预包装食品的3大产能营养素的能量占比总会类似于某几类食物某种能量比例的混合搭配.某品牌饼干每100 g有5个食物交换份,类似于能量比例1:4的油脂类和谷物类食物,食用100 g这样的饼干,根据食物交换份理论,可以在一日三餐中减去约10 g油脂和100 g谷物.结论 预包装食品营养标签的营养成分表应增加食物能量单位“食物交换份”的表述,并告知食品的食物类别及能量搭配比例,方便消费者平衡膳食的实践参考.

Objective To explore the expression of nutrition information based on consumer cognitive psychology,and improve the applicability of pre-packaged food nutrition labels.Method Taking the "nutrition label" of a biscuit as an example:First,the energy (kilojoules) of the biscuit is converted into "food exchange serving";Then,the energy supply ratio of three major calorigenic nutrients of various foods in the biscuit is calculated according to the "China Food Composition Table",and the energy supply ratio of three major calorigenic nutrient in different food combinations is also calculated.Finally,we determined whether energy supply ratio of the three major calorigenic nutrients of the biscuit is similar to a mix of certain energy ratios of certain types of food.Thus,the new nutritional information expression of'nutrition labels' was determined.The applicability and operability of balanced food practice was compared between the existing and improved nutrition information expression by the'desktop deduction'method.Results The biscuit contains 1 823 k] of energy per 100 g,which is about 5 "food exchange servings".The average energy supply ratio of protein,fat,and carbohydrate of all kinds of food are as follows:The cereals were 15％,5％ and 80％ respectively;the meats were 55％,39％ and 10％ respectively;the vegetables were 27％,9％ and 58％ respectively;and the fruits were 5％,3％ and 91％,respectively.If different types of food are mixed according to their energy ratio,then the energy supply ratio of the three energy producing nutrients is different.The energy ratio of the three energy producing nutrients of the prepackaged food will always be similar to that of the mixture of some kinds of food.The biscuit is similar to 1:4 energy mixed with oil foods and cereals,which translates to about 10 g of oils and 100 g of grains,based on the'food exchange serving'.Hence,if you eat 100 g of these cookies,subtract about 10 g of fat and 100 g of cereal from your three meals per day.Conclusion The nutritional ingredient list of'prepackaged food nutrition label'should increase the expression of 'food exchange'and food category and energy proportion,so as to facilitate the practice of balanced diet by consumers.