检索历史 清除

目的 探讨社区老年人认知障碍的影响因素,为采取有效的预防措施提供科学依据.方法 2017年11月至2018年5月在北京、合肥、兰州3座城市整群抽样选取3个社区1 200名60岁以上健康或有慢性病的老人进行问卷调查.调查内容包括一般情况、社交支持、认知情况等.采用Logistic回归分析生活方式、社交网络与认知障碍的相关因素及二者的交互作用.结果 共1 115人完成一般情况、社会网络情况和认知状况全部调查项目,应答率为92.9％.调整性别、年龄、受教育程度、婚姻状况、自报健康状况及居住状况等人口学特征后,生活方式各因素中,只有经常进行身体锻炼与认知障碍呈负相关(OR=0.65,95％CI=0.45～0.93,P=0.019).社交水平越高,认知障碍的风险越低(OR=0.50,95％CI=0.29～0.85,P=0.0 10),其中与朋友相关的高社交网络水平与认知障碍呈显著负相关(OR=0.44,95％CI=0.29～0.65,P＜0.001).生活方式各因素分别与社交网络进行了交互作用分析,差异均无统计学意义(P均＞0.05).结论 经常锻炼身体和较高的社交支持与认知障碍负相关.认知障碍危险因素的早期识别和积极干预,可延缓及预防老年人认知障碍的发生,对提高老年人生活质量有重大的意义.

Objective To investigate the associations between lifestyle factors and social network and cognitive impairment among the elderly in three communities in China.Methods From November 2017 to May 2018,1 200 elderly individuals were selected from three Chinese communities (Beijing,Hefei,and Lanzhou) using a random cluster sampling method.Data were collected on lifestyle,social network,and cognition.A conditional logistic regression analysis was conducted to identify the associations between lifestyle and social network and cognitive impairment.Results A total 1 115 participants (92.9％) were administered both social network and cognition questionnaires.After adjustment by age,sex,education,marital status,health,and living status,only low participation in physical activity was found to be associated with cognitive impairment (OR=0.65,95％ CI=0.45-0.93,P=0.019).A larger social network (OR=0.50,95％ CI=0.29-0.85,P=0.010),especially more friends (0R=0.44,95％ CI=0.29-0.65,P＜0.001),may decrease the risk of cognitive impairment.The interactions between lifestyle factors and social network were not associated with cognitive impairment.Conclusion Our findings suggest that larger social networks and physical activity are associated with cognitive function among the elderly.Identification and intervention of risk factors are crucial in the delay and prevention of cognitive impairment and the improvement of quality of life among the elderly.