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目的 探讨新生儿医院感染的高危因素,有效预防和控制医院感染的发生.方法 将6395例住院患儿按新生儿成熟度、是否入住新生儿监护病房(NICU)、住院天数、有无感染性基础疾病、抗菌药物使用情况及机械通气等情况进行分组,利用回顾性调查,分析住院患儿中发生医院感染的情况.结果 6395例住院患儿中,发生医院感染的有168例(2.63%),各组之间医院感染发生率比较,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01).感染部位以下呼吸道感染居首位,占80.9%.病原菌以革兰阴性菌为主,占61.3%,且肠杆菌科占革兰阴性菌的72.06%.结论 临床上应加强对入住NICU的患儿及早产儿的护理,缩短住院时间,减少侵入性操作,对非感染性疾病患儿应采取保护性隔离措施及合理使用抗菌药物.

Objective To identify risk factors, incidence and trends of nosocomial infections in the neonate ward. Methods Total 6395 hospitalized neonates were sub-grouped by state of maturity, attending to neonate intensive care unit (NICU), length of stay, underlying diseases, use of antibacterial agents and mechanical ventilation. Clinical data were retrospectively analyzed in each subgroup. Results Among 6395 hospitalized neonates, 168 (2.63%) had nosocomial infections, and the incidence rates were of statistical difference among groups (P<0.01), Lower respiratory tract was the most frequent infection site accounting for 80.9% of all infections. 61.3% eases were caused by gram negative bacteria, in which 72.06% were enterobacteriaceae. Conclusions To prevent nosecomial infection among neonates the following measures should taken: improve care for NICU and premature babies, reduce length of stay, avoid invasive procedures, isolate infected neonates and use antibacterial agents rationally.