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目的 了解西安市流感病毒的分型和流行特征.方法 收集2009年8月至2017年12月西安市5家流感监测哨点医院的流感样病例咽拭子标本21 856份,采用实时荧光定量PCR法进行流感病毒核酸检测和分型,采用鸡胚细胞(或)犬肾传代细胞系( MDCK)分离病毒,同时将流感样病例分为7个年龄组.采用SPSS 18.0软件分析流感病毒监测结果和数据.结果 21 856份流感样病例中,流感病毒阳性标本数为3 539份,阳性率为16.19%,其中A型流感病毒(包括季H1型、季H3型、新甲H1型、H7型)占62.39%(2 208/3 539),B型流感病毒(Victoria、Yamagata 和B型未分型)占37.50%(1 327/3 539),混合型为0.11%(4/3 539).不同年份流感病毒阳性检出率差异具有统计学意义(χ2＝357.65,P＜0.01). 1至3月A型主要流感病毒占49.07%(947/1 930)、B型占50.93%(983/1 930),10至12月A型流感病毒占78.07%(1 061/1 359),B型占21.93%(298/1 359). 1至3月和10至12月A型主要流感病毒和B型流感病毒构成比差异具有统计学意义( χ2＝550.06,P＜0.05). 0～3岁,＞3～7岁,＞7～13岁,＞13～18岁,＞18～24岁,＞24～60岁和＞60岁年龄组流感病毒检出阳性率分别为12.61%、19.41%、19.66%、22.98%、14.91%、13.50%和12.84%,差异具有统计学意义(χ2＝202.52,P＜0.05).结论 西安市流感病毒以A型为主,冬春季为流感病毒高发季节.人群普遍易感,推荐接种流感疫苗.

Objective To analyze the types and epidemiological characteristics of influenza virus in Xi'an during 2009 to 2017.Methods A total of 21 856 samples of throat swabs from patients with influenza like illness ( ILI) were collected from 5 national influenza sentinel surveillance hospitals from August 2009 to December 2017.Influenza virus nucleic acid was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and virus types were confirmed , chick-embryo cells or Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were used to isolate influenza virus.SPSS 18.0 software was used for data analysis.Results The positive detection rate of influenza virus was 16.19%(3 539/21 856), the seasonal influenza A virus subtypes including H1, H3, the new type H1and H7 accounted for 62.39%(2 208/3 539), influenza B virus subtypes including Victoria , Yamagata and unclassified type B accounted for 37.50%( 1 327/3 539), and the mixed influenza virus infection accounted for 0.11%(4/3 539).The positive rate of influenza virus detected in different years was significantly different ( χ2＝357.651, P ＜0.01).During January to March the major influenza A viruses accounted for 49.07%(947/1 930), influenza B viruses accounted for 50.93%(983/1 930); during October to December , the influenza A viruses accounted for 78.07%( 1 061/1 359 ), and influenza B viruses accounted for 21.93%( 298/1 359 ); there was significant difference in composition of type A virus and type B virus between different seasons ( χ2＝ 550.06, P＜0.05).The positive detection rate of influenza virus in patients with ILI of age groups 0-3 years,＞3-7 years,＞7-13 years,＞13-18 years,＞18-24 years,＞24-60 years and ＞60 years were 12.61%, 19.41%, 19.66%, 22.98%, 14.91%, 13.50% and 12.84%, respectively ( χ2＝202.52, P＜0.05).Conclusion Influenza A virus is common in Xi'an,winter and spring are the peak seasons for influenza epidemics.It is recommended for susceptible people to take influenza vaccination .