检索历史 清除

目的 分析海南省麻疹监测系统建立运行情况和病例监测结果.方法 制定海南省麻疹监测方案,在全省建立麻疹监测系统,按照监测方案病例定义开展监测.采用描述流行病学方法对海南省2004-2008年法定传染病疫情报告系统及麻疹监测系统报告的麻疹病例进行分析.结果 海南省2004-2008年麻疹监测系统报告麻疹疑似病例3040例,比法定传染病疫情报告系统高96.00%,监测系统建立当年(2004年)报告病例数少于法定传染病报告病例数;2005年以来监测系统报告的敏感性逐年提高,2008年监测系统报告疑似病例数是法定传染病的19.12倍.监测系统报告麻疹疑似病例中确诊病例比例逐年下降,由90.34%下降到4.48%.标本采集率逐年提高,由22.73%上升到99.12%,麻疹确诊病例中实验室确诊病例比例逐年提高,由7.55%提高到86.97%.检测疑似病例中麻疹IgM抗体阳性率为31.57%,风疹IgM抗体阳性率为34.52%.海南省除2006年为麻疹流行年出现多个暴发点外,其他年份均为散发,发病有明显的季节高峰,高峰期在3-6月.发病年龄仍以15岁以下儿童为主,占86.68%,无免疫史和免疫史不详儿童占85.67%.结论 海南省自建立麻疹监测系统后监测敏感性不断提高,发病率已降到历史最低水平.

Objective To evaluate the development and operation on measles surveillance system.Methods To formulate surveillance program,and then establish surveillance system on measles in Hainan province before the case surveillance was conducted.Descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the measles cases reported through the notifiable diseases epidemic situation report system and measles surveillance system during 2004-2008 in Hainan province.Results From 2004 to 2008,through surveillance system,3040 suspected measles cases were reported which was 96.00% higher than that from the notifiable diseases epidemic situation report system.When the measles surveillance system was first established in 2004,the number of cases reported by the surveillance system was less than that from the epidemic report system,however,the sensitivity of the surveillance system had been increasing since 2005.In 2008,the number of suspected cases reported by surveillance system was 19.12 times more than from the epidemic report system.The proportion of confirmed cases in the total suspected cases was decreasing annually,from 90.34% to 4.48%,along with the increase of the sample collection rate,from 22.73% to 99.12%.The proportion of laboratory confirmed cases in the total confirmed cases increased from 7.55% to 86.97%.With suspected cases,the IgM antibody positive rate on measles and rubella were 31.57% and 34.52%,respectively.In Hainan,the epidemic pattern of measles had been sporadic,except for 2006 as there occurred several outbreaks in that year.The of disease incidence had an obvious seasonal peaks,from March to June.Measles mainly attacked children under 15 years of age,accounted for 86.68% of the age group.Children with no immunity or unknown immune history accounted for 85.67%.Conclusion The sensitivity of surveillance system had been increasing annually since it was developed and the incidence had been dropping to its lowest level.These achievements had built a solid foundation for the eventual elimination of measles.