摘要外泌体是细胞内的多囊泡体与细胞质膜融合后主动分泌到细胞外的一种分子直径30～100 nm的小囊泡.外泌体内含有蛋白、MicroRNAs、脂质等活性物质,不同细胞来源的外泌体发挥的生物学功能不同.外泌体在年龄相关性黄斑变性(AMD)的发生和发展中发挥着非常重要作用.眼部来源的外泌体将其内容物转移到邻近或远处细胞,参与细胞生长与转移、血管生成、免疫抑制等多个病理过程,其中部分特异分子有望用于AMD的早期诊断和治疗.本文对外泌体与AMD的发病和治疗等关系进行综述,为探讨AMD的发病机制和治疗策略,提供新的思路.

abstractsExosomes are small vesicles with a molecular diameter of 30 to 100 nm,which are secreted into the cell after the fusion of the multivesicular bodies with the plasma membrane.Exosomes contain various molecular constituents of their cell origin,including proteins,microRNAs and lipids.Different cell-derived exosomes have different biological functions.Exosomes play a very important role in the development and progression of age-related macular degeneration (AMD).The exosomes derived from the eye are involved in the processes of cell growth,metastasis,angiogenesis and immunosuppression by transferring contents to adjacent or distant cells.Some of the specific molecules may be used for early diagnosis and treatment of AMD.This article reviews the relationship between exosomes and AMD pathogenesis and treatment,which may provide a new insight into the pathogenesis and treatment strategy of AMD.