摘要本共识由中国医师协会检验医师分会儿科疾病检验医学专家委员会（以下简称"专委会"）组织来自全国40家儿童医院及妇幼保健院检验专家共同编制。前期专委会在来自全国的240家医院（三级医院占86%）发放调查问卷384份，收集到被调研医院的日均血培养量、采集血培养前操作流程、儿科血培养采集的时机以及采集的血培养瓶/套数等信息。在汇总问卷信息、了解目前我国儿童血培养采集现状的基础上，专委会查阅国内外相关指南、标准和文献，充分咨询微生物检验专家、儿科感染相关专业临床及护理专家，结合我国儿科临床现状，先后4次组织专家讨论与修订，完善儿童血培养采集的临床指征、明确儿童血培养采集规范，最终形成了共识文本。本共识为儿科临床血培养规范化采集提供了参考依据，为进一步提高儿科血流感染诊治能力奠定基础。

abstractsThis consensus was written by Pediatric Disease Laboratory Medicine Expert Committee of Laboratory Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Doctor Association, who organized the laboratory experts from 40 children′s hospitals and maternal and child health care hospitals in China. In the initial stage, the committee distributed 384 questionnaires to 240 hospitals (86% of tertiary hospitals) in China, collected the information of the daily average blood culture volume, the operation process before blood culture collection, the time of pediatric blood culture collection and the number of blood culture bottles/sets. On the basis of summarizing the questionnaire information and understanding the current situation of children′s blood culture collection in China, the committee reviewed relevant guidelines, standards and literature, consulted clinical microbiology experts, pediatric clinical experts and senior nurses and organized experts to discuss and revise for four times. It improved the clinical indications and clarified standard of blood culture collection in the children. This consensus provides a reference for standardized collection of blood culture collection in children and establishes the foundation for improving the diagnosis and treatment of bloodstream infections in children.