摘要目的 分析导致儿童脑瘫的高危因素,积极预防,以降低发病率.方法 选择2013年1月至2017年12月5年期间在本院儿童康复医学科诊治的脑瘫儿童333例,采用标准化量表,进行病因高危因素分析.结果 333例脑性瘫痪儿童(痉挛型四肢瘫205例,痉挛型双瘫49例,痉挛型偏瘫17例,不随意运动型37例,混合型11例,共济失调型14例)中,21例患儿不存在高危因素,312例儿童存在不同时期的危险因素.新生儿危险因素425人次,占53.4％;妊娠危险因素178人次,占22.3％;新生儿期后危险因素125人次,占15.7％;分娩危险因素58人次,占7.3％;家族危险因素10人次,占1.3％.333例脑瘫儿童病因高危因素排列前三名的是:早产儿136人,发生率40.8％;新生儿窒息101人,发生率30.3％;脑损伤78人,发生率23.4％.结论 脑瘫儿童病因危险因素主要是新生儿危险因素,特别是早产、新生儿窒息和脑损伤.做好孕期保健工作,减少早产、新生儿窒息的发生,做好新生儿期疾病的治疗,减少脑损伤的发生,可有效降低脑瘫的发生率.

abstractsObjective To identify the risk factors of cerebral palsy and to prevent and reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy.Methods 333 cases of cerebral palsy children were diagnosed and treated in children rehabilitation medicine department of our hospital between January 2013 and December 2017.Standardized scales were used to analyze the causes and high-risk factors.Results In 333 children with cerebral palsy,there were 205 cases of spastic tetraplegia,49 cases of spastic bilateral paralysis,17 cases of spastic hemiplegia,37 cases of dyskinetic CP,11 cases of mixed type,14 cases of ataxia.The distribution of risk factors of cerebral palsy in different periods:neonatal risk factors:425 person-times,53.4％;risk factors of pregnancy:178 person-times,22.3％;risk factors after neonatal period:125 person-times,15.7％;risk factors of childbirth:58 person-times,7.3％;family risk factors:10 person-times,1.3％.The top three risk factors for the etiology of 333 children with cerebral palsy were:premature infants,136 cases,with the incidence of 40.8％;neonatal asphyxia,101 cases,with the incidence of 30.3％;brain damage,78 cases,with the incidence of 23.4％.Conclusions The risk factors of cerebral palsy mainly include neonatal risk factors,especially premature birth,neonatal asphyxia,and brain injury.Treatment of neonatal diseases can reduce the occurrence of brain injury,prevent and reduce the incidence of cerebral palsy.